2. DEPARTMENT OF MUNICIPAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LECTURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION FOR 4TH YEAR TOPIC: PROBLEMS OF AIR POLLUTION RESIDENTIAL AREAS. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION POPULATED AREAS.

3. questions The structure of the atmosphere, the composition of atmospheric air. Air pollution. Sources of air pollution, their hygienic characteristics. Regularities in the behavior and distribution of atmospheric pollution.

4. ATMOSPHERIC AIR IS A MIXTURE OF GASES, MOST OF THE MASS IS : NITROGEN (78.09%) OXYGEN (20.96%) CARBON DIOXIDE (CARBON DIOXIDE) (0.03%) WATER VAPOUR. IN SMALL QUANTITIES CONTAINS ARGON, NEON, METHANE, KRYPTON, NITROUS OXIDE, HYDROGEN, XENON, OZONE, RADON. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AIR.

5. The chemical composition of atmospheric air and exhaled man. Gas Atmosphere,% Exhaled air, Oxygen 20.94% ?? 15,4-16,0? Carbon dioxide 0.04 3,4-4,7? Nitrogen 78.08 78.26? Argon and other inert gases 0 94 0.94? 0.42 Saturation water vapor

6. Pollution atmosfery- this entry is not specific to it of impurities that alter its properties and effects on other components of the environment.

7. Distinguish two types of air pollution: 1. Natural pollution; 2. Anthropogenic (man-made) pollution

8. VALUE INDIVIDUAL INDUSTRIES IN AIR POLLUTION Type of Industry% number? 1. Power plants, including CHP 27.0? 2. Iron and steel 24.3? 3. Oil production and petrochemistry 15.5? 4. Vehicles 13.1? 5. Non-ferrous metallurgy 10.5? 6. Building materials industry, in 8.1? 7. Chemical Industry 1.3

9. 1. An aerosol with a liquid phase (a fog). 2. solid phase aerosol (smoke). 3. Aero slurry with the solid phase and the particles smaller than 10 nm (thin dust). 4. Aerosuspenziya the solid phase and the particles of 10 nm (coarse dust ) 5.Aero slurry with the liquid phase and the particles less than 10 nm. 6.Aero slurry with the liquid phase and the particles of 10 nm. Six aerodisperse systems:

10. 1. The sizes of the particles of 10 to 100 nm. They have little effect on the human organism, since rapidly settle on the ground. But they violate sanitary conditions. 2.Paper from 0.1 to 0,001 nm. They are more dangerous because retained longer in the air to penetrate into the lungs.

11. . THE HIGHER EMISSION PER UNIT TIME, THE MORE UNDER THE SAME CONDITIONS, THE SUBSTANCES EMITTED INTO THE AIR STREAM FLOWS AND THUS CREATES A LARGE CONCENTRATION OF IMPURITIES IN THIS STREAM The dependence of the concentration of emission values

12. Concentration of the height of the tube is ejected. The higher the tube, the lower the concentration.

13. THE DEGREE OF DILUTION OF SMOKE ATMOSPHERIC AIR IS IN DIRECT PROPORTION TO THE DISTANCE THE SMOKE PASSED THROUGH A GIVEN POINT Concentration of the distance from the emission source.

14. REDUCTION OF THE CLEANING OF THE ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR INCREASES THE RELEASE IS 4 TIMES. The degree of air pollution depends on the degree? effectiveness of treatment facilities.

15. SUMMER BOILER WORKS WITH A SMALLER LOAD, USE LESS FUEL AND THEREFORE EMISSIONS OF ASH, SOOT AND SULFUR DIOXIDE IN THE SUMMER DECREASES Dependence of the concentration of atmospheric air on the season.

16. Maximum contamination occurs during the beginning of the first, the largest shift. The second maximum is associated with the return of the first shift and the revival of the first shift and revitalizing of the hearth. At night were low concentrations of smoke in the air Change in the concentration of atmospheric pollution during the day.

17. Pollution concentration changes with the wind direction. Wind speed plays an important role in the process of diluting the smoke by atmospheric air. The greater the wind speed, the less air pollution Concentration of wind speed and direction.

18. Temperature change at every 100 m of climbing up, expressed in degrees, is called the vertical temperature gradient. Air temperature as it rises up from the ground surface decreases. In summer, the temperature gradient is 10. The higher the temperature gradient, the more vertical air currents and smoke expressed mixing with air. Dependence on temperature gradient concentration.

19. Anticyclones arise in areas of high barometric pressure. Between cigarette smoke and air barometric pressure altitude there is a correlation Concentration of barometric pressure.

20. The dependence of the concentration of smoke, sulfur dioxide and humidity is rectilinear in nature, and the chlorine concentration for the inverse relationship (this is due to its hydrolysis in hydrochloric acid) Concentration of humidity.

21. THE PROCESS OF SELF-PURIFICATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE IS DEPENDENT ON RAINFALL. THE MORE RAIN, THE CLEANER THE AIR Concentration of the rainfall.

22. THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!