1. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Dragon 2 ID 5319 The role of croplands and grasslands in the carbon budget of China Thuy Le Toan Centre d’Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère (CESBIO) Toulouse, France Thuy.Letoan@cesbio.cnes.fr

2. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Thuy Le Toan (PI), CESBIO,Toulouse, France Shaun Quegan (PI) CTCD,Sheffield, UK Li Bingbai, Yang Shenbin, Wang Zhiming Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, JAAS, Nanjing ( China) Alberte Bondeau Institute for Climate Research (PIK), Potsdam (Germany) Michael Buchwitz IUP Bremen (Germany) Wang Xiaoqin, Wang Qinmin, Jiang Hong, Chen Yunzhi Fuzhou University, China He Guojin China RS Satellite Ground Station, Beijing, China Huang Yao (PI), Zhang Wen, Sun Wenjuan Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Beijing Tan Bingxiang (PI), Ling Feilong, Bai Lina, Li Shimming, CAF, Beijing

3. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan  Fossil fuel CO 2 emissions in China have increased from 0.4 PgC/yr in 1980 to 1.5 PgC/yr in 2006.  According to a recent study (Piao et al., Nature, 2009) China’s terrestrial ecosystems absorbed 28–37 per cent of its cumulated fossil carbon emissions during the 1980s and 1990s.  Quantifying the carbon balance of Chinese ecosystems is necessary not only to assess the magnitude of the Northern Hemispheric and global sinks, but also to define new objectives for the management of terrestrial ecosystems to slow the rate of CO 2 growth. Background

4. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan  Much attention has been paid to the contribution of forest ecosystems to the carbon sink, while less attention has been paid to the other ecosystems.  However, it is recognized that agricultural management can play an important role in mitigation climate change by increasing carbon storage in soils and reducing methane emission from rice cultivation. Background

5. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan To contribute to understanding the role of vegetation ecosystems (croplands, grasslands and forests) in the C budget of China, by developing approach combining EO, models, in situ and historical data, to provide:  Spatial distribution of land use/land cover and their changes over time  Seasonal and inter-annual variation of vegetation phenology, NPP, NEE  CH 4 and CO 2 fluxes Project Objectives

6. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Model estimates of C budget Soils EO data Land cover Land parameters (NDVI, phenology, crop calendar, …) Ecological switches (Freeze-thaw, Soil moisture indicator, …) Climate Models C budget

7. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Northeast China Jiangsu Fujian Qinghai- Tibet Plateau Test regions

8. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Main Results I. EO methodology development: -Rice monitoring at regional scale -Land cover at province scale -Phenology in cold region II. Model development -LPJ mL: carbon -Agro-C: carbon -CH4MOD: rice and wetland methane III.Preliminary EO-Model integration

9. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Climate change in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Temperature increased, precipitation decreased Frost days decreased (Liu et al., 2003, JGR)

10. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan SPOT VEGETATION DATA Mean NDVI 2007 Lanzhou

11. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Leaf appearance = date when NDWI starts to increase In situ Leaf appearance In situ Snow melt DOY Date of greening in cold regions NIR-SWIR NIR-SWIRNDWI=-------------- NIR+SWIR NIR+SWIR Phenology in Qinghai-Tibet

12. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan DOY

13. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan March July Dates of beginning of greening in Qinghai-Tibet

14. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Phenology in cold regions Dates of beginning of greening in Qinghai Tibet

15. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Red: October 8 th ; Green: August 18 th ; Blue: October 27 th, Jiangsu province. ASAR WSM data EO : Rice mapping

16. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Magenta: 20060705 Green: 20060809 Magenta: 20060702 Green: 20060806 Magenta: flooded rice fields Green: fields with temporary drainage (ASAR WideSwath VV) Mapping of mid season drainage EO : monitoring of irrigation

17. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Increase in N use promoted NPP production Model AGRO-C: Progress and primary results Simulated changes in crop NPP

18. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Global warming has resulted in a significant northward expansion of rice planting in northeast China. Simulated changes in crop NPP between 1980 and 2000 by using Agro-C Model AGRO-C: Progress and primary results

19. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan CH4MOD: Progress and primary results Estimated CH 4 emission from Chinese rice paddies over the period of 1955―2005 Spatial distribution of CH 4 emission from Chinese rice paddies (mean of 1990―1999) (Wang P, Huang Y, Zhang W, Adv. Clim. Change Res.,2009)

20. 7 September 2010 Lecture D2L3e CO2 in crolands Thuy Le Toan Average over 2001-2005 SCIAMACHY CH 4 and modelled rice paddy CH 4