1. COP 3530 Data Structures & Algorithms Discussion Session 3

2. Outline  Input-output streams in C++  Floating point precision  File manipulation  Pointers in C  Vector class in C++  Strings in C and C++

3. About me  Eyup Serdar Ayaz  ayaz@cise.ufl.edu ayaz@cise.ufl.edu  TA Office: E309  This week no office hours

4. Input and output streams in C++  Stream classes  Stream objects  Insertion ( >) operators

5. Floating point precision  default precision  scientific precision  fixed precision

6. File manipulation in C++  Include necessary header: fstream  Declare an file stream: ifstream or ofstream  Open the stream file  Check if the file is opened  Read from or write to the stream  Close the stream

7. File manipulation example

8. Pointers in C  Reference operator (&)  Dereference operator (*)  Types of pointers  Arrays as pointers  Pointer arithmetic  Pointers to pointers  Null pointer

9. Vector class in C++  An STL (Standard Template Library) container  An strict sequence container i.e. An array of variable size. Similar to ArrayList of Java  Defined as a template, type should be specified  Most useful functions:  operator[]  size  insert  erase  begin  end

10. A vector example

11. Strings in C  Strings are char arrays  Declared as char arrays or pointers  Ends with ‘\0’ or simply 0  String manipulation functions are defined in  Cannot be assigned directly other than declaration  Frequently used functions:  strcpy  strcmp  strcat  strlen

12. cstring example

13. String class in C++  Strings are objects  String manipulation functions are defined in  Can be directly assigned  Can be concatenated using + operator  Frequently used functions:  operator[] or at  size  copy  compare  substr  operator+= or append

14. C++ String example(Comparison)

15. References  http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/lesson9.html http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/lesson9.html  http://www.fredosaurus.com/notes- cpp/io/readtextfile.html http://www.fredosaurus.com/notes- cpp/io/readtextfile.html  http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/iostream/ http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/iostream/  http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/iostream/manipulator s/setprecision/ http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/iostream/manipulator s/setprecision/  http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/stl/list/sort/ http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/stl/list/sort/