2. Bell Work: What is this diagram trying to tell us? SUGAR

3. Cellular Respiration: (Or, How to turn Glucose into ATP) Oxygen + Glucose => ATP + Carbon Dioxide+ Water

4. Review: What is ATP? ATP stands for Adenosine TriPhosphate. It looks like this: A-P-P-P There is a large amount of energy between the bonds of the last two phosphates…..

5. How Cells Generate ATP Cellular Respiration: The process of a Cell making ATP (energy) using oxygen and glucose. Involves 3 steps: –Glycolysis –Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) –Electron Transport Chain

6. Step 1 Glycolysis The first step of cellular respiration takes place in the Cytoplasm. The process of breaking down glucose (6 C’s) into pyruvic acid (3 C’s)

7. Spiral back review…. Facilitated Diffusion is how the glucose gets into your cells! Glucose is helped across the membrane by transport proteins. Doesn’t require energy

8. Energy Carriers Glucose contains lots of STORED energy. When glucose gets broken down, high energy Hydrogen atoms (and their electrons) are carried from Glycolysis to the Kreb’s Cycle and Electron transport chain for later use. These “energy carriers” are called “NADH” and “FADH2”

9. Energy Carriers: NADH and FADH 2

10. Energy Cost Glycolysis requires some energy to get started…..it costs the cell 2 ATPs to get started, but in the end 4 ATPs get made. This gives a net gain of 2 ATPs!!!

11. Now what do we do with those Pyruvic Acids???

12. Recall: There are 3 main steps of Cellular Respiration, so what was step 2??? The Kreb’s Cycle! (Or Citric Acid Cycle)

13. But before the Kreb’s Cycle… There is a mini-step that takes the Pyruvic Acid and turns it into a compound called Acetyl Co-A. This enters the “Powerhouse” of the Cell to kick off the Kreb’s Cycle.

14. Mitochondria: label the matrix and cristae Cristae (Folded inner membrane) Matrix (liquid)

15. Kreb’s Cycle Happens inside the mitochondrial Matrix. Turns twice to process each glucose molecule Results in 2 more ATPs made!!!

16. 1.Where is CO2 released? (Circle in the diagram) 2.How many ATP’s are released for 1 pyruvic acid? (count!)

17. So…4 ATPs so far…where do the rest come in?

18. Electron Transport Chain Last stage of Aerobic Respiration Takes place on the Cristae High energy electrons go between proteins. Oxygen accepts the electrons at the end and combines with H+ to make water.

19. 32-34 ATPs made per glucose in the ETC.

20. Summary Picture

21. But what if the cells run low on Oxygen??? Anaerobic Respiration

22. Fermentation When Cells don’t have enough oxygen for Cellular Respiration (anaerobic) They do either Alcoholic or Lactic Acid as a byproduct Only 2 ATPs are made…but that is better than none!

23. Lactic Acid Fermentation

24. Alcoholic Fermentation

25. Dry Erase Review Facilitators: Please grab a white board for each student at your table. Appoint someone else to fetch a beaker of markers!

26. 1. What is the name of the energy molecule of all cells? ATP

27. 2. What charge do the Posphate groups have on the ATP molecule? Negative

28. 3. List the 3 steps of cellular respiration. Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

29. 4. What is the organelle that converts glucose into ATP? Mitochondria

30. 5. What are the 2 parts to a mitochondria? Cristae, Matrix

31. 6. Which part of the mitochondria does the Kreb’s cycle occur? Matrix

32. 7. How many ATP are made in Glycolysis? 4 total (but 2 are used up).

33. 8. Which step of Cellular Respiration releases Carbon Dioxide? Kreb’s Cycle

34. 9. What essential gas is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain? Oxygen

35. 10. What is the name of the anaerobic process that cells fall back on when oxygen runs low or is unavailable? Fermentation

36. 11. List the 2 types of Fermentation. Lactic Acid and Alcoholic

37. 12. Write the equation for Cellular Respiration. **How is this different than the photosynthesis equation? Glucose + Oxygen  ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water This is nearly flipped from photosynthesis!

38. Individual Practice Complete the Cellular Respiration Overview worksheet. I will be coming around to check on your progress!