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Published byAmice Kelley Modified over 9 years ago
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Reactions of the citric acid cycle
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Formation of citrate
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Structure of citrate synthase open form of the enzyme alone
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Structure of citrate synthase closed form with bound oxaloacetate (yellow), carboxymethyl-CoA (red)
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Citrate Synthase Mechanism I.
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Citrate Synthase Mechanism II.
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Citrate Synthase Mechanism III.
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Formation of isocitrate via cis-aconitate
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Irone-sulfur center in aconitase
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Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mechanism
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Step 1
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Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mechanism Step 2
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Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mechanism Step 3
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Oxidation of -Ketoglutarate to Succinyl-CoA and CO 2
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Conversion of Succinyl-CoA to Succinate
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The succinyl-CoA synthetase reaction
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Step 1
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Step 2 Step 3
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Three-dimensional structures of Succinyl-CoA synthetase of E. coli
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Oxidation of Succinate to Fumarate
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Hydration of Fumarate to Malate
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Oxidation of Malate to Oxaloacetate
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Incorporation of the isotopic carbon ( 14 C) of the labeled acetyl group into -ketoglutarate by the citric acid cycle
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The prochiral nature of citrate
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Structure of citrate
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Schematic representation of citrate X = -OH Y = -COO - Z = -CH 2 COO -
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Correct complementary fit of citrate to the binding site of aconitase
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Products of one turn of citric acid cycle
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Biosynthetic precursors produced by an incomplete citric acid cycle in anaerobic bacteria
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Role of the citric acid cycle in anabolism
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Role of biotin in the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase
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Step 1
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Step 2
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Step 3
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Step 4
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Step 5
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Step 6
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Step 7
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Biological tethers
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Regulation of metabolite flow from the PDC through the citric acid cycle
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Dilution of a solution containing a noncovalent protein complex - such as one consisting of three enzymes - favors dissociation of the complex into its constituents
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Glyoxylate cycle
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Electron micrograph of a germinating cucumber seed, showing a glycosome, mitochondria, and surrounding lipid bodies
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Relationship between the glyoxylate and citric acid cycles
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Coordinated regulation of glyoxylate and citric acid cycles
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