1. Respiratory System

2. Functions of the Respiratory System
Breathing process
Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Enable speech production

3. Cellular Respiration All cells require oxygen for metabolism
All cells require means to remove carbon dioxide

4. External Respiration Ventilation
exchange of air between lungs and atmosphere
Breathing largely involuntary activity

5. Structures of Respiratory System
upper respiratory tract
nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx and trachea
lower respiratory tract
bronchial tree and lungs

6. Nose Nasal cavity – other name Contains Mucus (warms air)
Cilia (traps dirt and dust)
olfactory nerve (nerve that determine smell)

7. Larynx
Sound waves are generated here to produce speech.
Voice box

8. Trachea Windpipe or airway Made of smooth muscle
divides into two branches: bronchi
no gaseous exchange

9. Bronchi Bronchus, singular Made with smooth muscle
Ends with air sacs called alveoli

10. Alveoli
air sacs
alveolar wall membranes one cell thick and surrounded by capillaries
gaseous exchange takes place here

11. Lungs
Right-3 lobes
Left-2 lobes
trachea

12. Diaphragm muscle separating chest and abdomen diaphragm contracts
air flows in
diaphragm relaxes
air flows out

13. COPD Asthma Chronic Bronchitis Emphysema
bronchospasms, parosysmal, productive cough,
mucolytics, bronchodilators
Chronic Bronchitis
mucosal swelling, productive cough, chest pain
expectorants, bronchodilators, steroids
Emphysema
barrel-chest, dyspnea, orthopnea

14. Influenza Acute infectious respiratory disease Viral
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia, anorexia
Avoid aspirin in children

15. Pleural Effusions Excess fluid in pleural cavity
associated with congestive heart failure, ascites, infectious lung diseases, trauma
diagnosis
auscultation, percussion
Empyema, hydrothorax, hemothorax, pnrumothorax, pyopneumothorax
thoracentesis

16. Tuberculosis Infectious, highly communicable disease
aerosol transmission
primary tuberculosis, tubercles
immunocompromised
effects other organ systems
drug resistant strains

17. Cystic Fibrosis Hereditary disorder, affects exocrine glands
systemic involvement
lungs, pancreas, digestive tract
Viscous mucus blocks bronchioles
Gas exchange impaired

18. Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Surfactant
decreases the surface tension of the alveoli
needed for alveoli to fill with air and expand (compliance)
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)
Adult respiratory distress syndrome