1. AS SOON AS YOU ARE SEATED... Above is an image of a Food Chain. Using the words below as a guide, write a passage outlining everything you have learned about food chains. Do Not Use Your Notes. I will collect these to gauge the success of last week’s lessons. Autotroph, Primary Producer, Secondary Consumer, Trophic Level, Top Predator, Sunlight, Decomposer, Energy Transfer, 10%

2. Energy Flow Through Ecosystems… A REVIEW

3. Ecosystem and Energy Roles Ecosystem: all living & non-living things that interact in an environment Energy Role in an Ecosystem  Determined by: How it obtains energy How it interacts with other living organisms in its ecosystem

4. Some Energy Roles The sun: provides energy Producers: harness energy from the sun  ex. plants Consumers: organisms that eat something else  ex. animals Decomposers: return energy to the environment  ex. fungus, bacteria

5. Producers Plants harness energy from the sun through photosynthesis They are the base of every food chain  Source of food for all other animals

6. Consumers 4 Types  Herbivore: eats only plants Ex. Cows, horses  Carnivore: eats only meat Ex. Polar bear  Onmivore: eats plants and animals Ex. Humans, grizzly bears  Scavenger: carnivore that feeds on bodies of dead organisms Ex. Vultures

7. Decomposer Decomposers break down wastes and dead organisms and return the raw materials to the environment  Ex. Bacteria, fungi

8. Energy flow through biological systems

9. Food Chains Food Chain: series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy

10. Food Chains Continued Arrows always points in the direction of energy flow 1 st organism is always the producer 2 nd organism is the consumer that eats the producer  Primary consumer 3 rd organism is the consumer that eats the 1 st level consumer  Secondary consumer And so on…..

11. Laws of Thermodynamics!!

12. Knowledge Check!! You are a green plant that just created 5,000,000 kJ of energy through photosynthesis. OH NO!! You’ve just been eaten by a field mouse. OH NO!! Now, the mouse has been eaten by a fox. OH NOOO!! The fox has been eaten by a wolf. How many kJs of energy did the mouse, fox, and wolf receive?

13. Knowledge Check!! MOUSE:500,000 kJ FOX:50,000 kJ WOLF:5,000 kJ Now... Page 32, # 3

14. 1st Law of Thermodynamics Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another. The amount of energy in the universe is constant. Approx. 99% of energy on Earth available for living organisms comes from the Sun.

15. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics During any energy transformation, some energy is converted into unusable energy or is lost. No energy transformation is ever 100% efficient.

16. Ecological Pyramids!!

17. Ecological Pyramids Can be used to represent energy flow or matter in food chain and food webs. Are based on the idea that, due to energy loss, fewer organisms can be supported at each additional trophic level in a food chain.

18. 1. Pyramid of Biomass Shows the total mass of living tissue at each level. Biomass: the total dry mass of all of the living material in an ecosystem.

20. 2. Pyramid of Numbers Shows the number of organisms at each trophic level. Number of organisms decreases as we move up the pyramid.

22. 3. Pyramid of Energy The amount of energy at the pyramid bottom is fixed by the amount of photosynthesis that occurs. Most of the energy at each level of a food chain is lost as heat (90%) which means that only 10% of energy is useful and is passed onto the next level.

23. Sample Energy Pyramid