1. Chapter 2 Theories of Development

2. Theories  Help to organize a huge body of info  Help to focus our search for new understandings  Help us to explain how findings might be interpreted  Help to identify major disagreements among scholars

3. The Psychoanalytic Approach Sigmund Freud 1

4. Structures of the Mind

5. The Developing Personality

6. Psychosocial Crises and Development Erik Erikson 2

7. Stage One: Infancy Age: 0 to 1 years old Crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages

8. Stage Two: Early Childhood Age: 2 to 3 years old Crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages

9. Stage Three: Preschool Children Age: 3 to 5 years old Crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages

10. Stage Four: Middle Childhood Age: 6 to 12 years old Crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages

11. Stage Five: Adolescence Age: 12 to 18 years old Crisis: Identity vs. Role Confusion Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages

12. Stage Six: Young Adulthood Age: 18-25 years Crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages

13. Stage Seven: Middle Adulthood Age: 25-65 years Crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages

14. Stage Eight: Maturity Age: 65 years until death Crisis: Integrity vs. Despair Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages

15. The Cognitive Development Approach Jean Piaget 3

16. Stages

17. Functional Invariants Assimilation Accommodation

18. Three fundamental themes: 1)Concept of development 2)Social & cultural development 3)Speech The Cultural Framework Approach 4

19. The Behavioral Approach B.F. Skinner 5

20. Operant Conditioning

21. Reinforcement

22. Reinforcer

23. Punishment

24. Bandura & Social Cognitive Learning Observational Learning Social Cognitive Learning 6

25. A Bioecological Model Development depends on context Our response causes a change in others Their responses to us then change This produces new changes in us Reciprocal Interactions 7

26. Developmental Systems Theory 8 Awareness Test