1. OC3522Summer 2001 OC3522 - Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Ocean - Summer 2001 Microwave Applications

2. Remember that … (surface temp, air Temp, surface emittance, transmittance) Applications Include: Water Vapor, Precipitation, Surface Wind Speed, Liquid Water, Sea Ice, Soil Moisture, (future salinity)

3. http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/arad2/index.html

4. http://www.meted.ucar.edu/ist/poes2/index.htm

5. An example of “raw” SSM/I images - one for each channel Other examples of productsproducts http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/~white/pages/frame2.htm 19v 19h 22v 37v 37h 85v 85h TBTB

6. SAMPLING

7. Algorithms http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/arad2/MSPPS/html/day2/algorithm_day2.html#ATPWCLWhttp://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/arad2/MSPPS/html/day2/algorithm_day2.html#ATPWCLW http://amsu.cira.colostate.edu/

8. http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov:2031/sensor_docs/ssmi.html#2. Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I DMSP satellite) 850.350.11 (1.1mm) (GHz) (cm)r c (= /  ) (cm) 850.350.11 (1.1mm) 370.810.26 221.360.43 191.580.50

9. 850.350.11 (1.1mm) (GHz) (cm)r c (= /  ) (cm) 850.350.11 (1.1mm) 370.810.26 221.360.43 191.580.50 10.30.50 (hpol/vpol) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM satellite; TRM instrument)

10. Combined Effects TsTs Water Vapor Liquid Water Wind Speed Salinity 10203040 Frequency (GHz) (arbitrary units) SSM/I Channels

11. Wind Speed At MW frequencies, emittance depends on polarization (vertical > horizontal) *use information that   is a function of windspeed TBTB TBTB

12. WindSpeed = A 0 + A 1 T B19v - A 2 T B22v - A 3 T B37v + A 4 T B37h TsTs Water Vapor Liquid Water Wind Speed Salinity 10203040 Frequency (GHz) (arbitrary units)

13. Wind Speed Goodberlet, M. A., Swift, C. T. and Wilkerson, J. C., "Remote Sensing of Ocean Surface Winds With the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager", J. Geophys. Res.,94, 14574-14555, 1989 WindSpeed = 147.90 + 1.0969 T B19v - 0.4555 T B22v - 1.7600 T B37v + 0.7860 T B37h http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/old/ssmiwinds.html SSM/I

14. http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/doc/ssmiwinds.html

15. Sea Ice Sea Ice At 19.5 GHz freq:  ice = 2  water

16. PR = [T B (19V)-T B (19H)]/[T B (19V)+T B (19H)] (1) polarization ratio GR = [T B (37V)-T B (19V)]/[T B (37V)+T B (19V)] (2) spectral gradiant ratio where T B is the observed brightness temperature at the indicated frequency and polarization. From these two parameters the first-year ice concentration (CF) and the multiyear ice concentration (CM) are calculated from the following equations: First-year ice concentration = (a0 + a1PR + a2GR + a3PR * GR)/D (3) Multi-year ice concentration = (b0 + b1PR + b2GR + b3PR * GR)/D (4) where D = c0 + c1PR + c2GR + c3PR * GR (5) The total ice concentration (CT) is the sum of the first-year and multiyear concentrations The NASA Team Algorithm (Cavalieri et al, 1984)

17. http://www.ssmi.com/ssmiDaily.html Daily, Monthly, Yearly SSM/I Data Products at:

19. Ocean Salinity Scanning Low Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SLFMR) airborne salinity mapper. (J. Miller, NRL and J. Zaitzeff, NOAA/NESDIS).