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The Cold War After World War Two the world is broken into two main groups. Lead by 1. The Soviet Union 2. The United States.

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Presentation on theme: "The Cold War After World War Two the world is broken into two main groups. Lead by 1. The Soviet Union 2. The United States."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Cold War After World War Two the world is broken into two main groups. Lead by 1. The Soviet Union 2. The United States

2 What is the Cold War?  Period lasting from 1945 – 1989.  Characterized by tension and hostility between the Communist Soviet Union and its allies and the Capitalist and democratic United States and its allies.

3 The Cold War Begins  End of WW2  A divided Europe in ruins  Totalitarian vs. Democracy  Communism vs. Capitalism  Formation of the United Nations  Truman Doctrine  Marshall Plan  Warsaw Pact, NATO, Berlin Airlift

4 Canada and the Cold War  Caught in the Middle – USSR on top, USA underneath…main missile and bomber route. Wrong place at the wrong time.  Definitely with the US and NATO

5 Canada is in the middle Igor Gouzenko  Russian clerk from Soviet Embassy delivers files to Canada proving the existence of a Soviet spy ring in Canada.  Gouzenko and family are given asylum and new IDs in Ontario.

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7 Europe – EAST AND WEST  Separated by the “Iron Curtain” Coined by Churchill to describe the break between East and WestCoined by Churchill to describe the break between East and West

8 Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech March, 1946  “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow.”  excerpt

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11 Berlin and Germany Split  Berlin

12 Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, 1947  Truman Doctrine: US would tolerate Soviet expansion to its 1947 limits (principle of coexistence) but would resist any further encroachment (principle of containment)  Marshall Plan: Economic aid to rebuild European economies. An instrument to aid non-communist states (economic imperialism?)

13 Berlin Airlift 1948 and the Wall 1961  Many were fleeing Soviet Berlin.  In 1948 the Soviets blockade all the ground links to West Berlin All supplies needed are ferried in to Berlin through air corridors from the West. Stalin eventually gives up.All supplies needed are ferried in to Berlin through air corridors from the West. Stalin eventually gives up.  Berlin Airlift (April 1948-May 1949)  1961 - Soviets decide to put up Berlin wall to keep people in.

14 Berlin Air Lift

15 Planes lined up for take off.

16 NATO and Warsaw Pact  WEST – NATO (1949) Military Alliance (sound familiar?)Military Alliance (sound familiar?) North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization Led by the United StatesLed by the United States  EAST – Warsaw Pact (1955) Military Alliance, response to NATO threatMilitary Alliance, response to NATO threat Led by Soviet RussiaLed by Soviet Russia

17 Berlin Wall

18 Building the Wall

19 Defection from the East

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22 REVIEW: What were the causes of WW1? In partners, apply your knowledge of WW1 causes to the Cold War situation What do you find is similar? different?

23 Causes of WW1 and Cold War 1.Militarism Nuclear Arms Race…even worseNuclear Arms Race…even worse2.Alliances NATO and Warsaw PactNATO and Warsaw Pact3.Imperialism Spheres of influenceSpheres of influence4.Nationalism Economic system instead of nations?Economic system instead of nations?

24 North American Defense  NORAD – North American Air Defense Agreement  HQ buried in Cheyenne Mountain, Colorado.  Centrally controlled and coordinated defense of North American Air Space Fighter forcesFighter forces Missile basesMissile bases Air defense radarAir defense radar

25 Canada and NORAD  Protection from Soviet Air Attack (bombers initially, then missiles)  US built three lines of radar stations across Canada (built between 1950-57) The Pinetree LineThe Pinetree Line The Mid-Canada LineThe Mid-Canada Line DEW Line (in the artic) - Distant Early Warning LineDEW Line (in the artic) - Distant Early Warning Line

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28 DEW Controversy  Many Canadians felt this defense system compromised our independence  Was this a necessary price of added security?  This information can be found on pages 131 -136 of Counterpoints

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