1. Atoms and Elements Molecules and Compounds A Review For U Pages 800 – 803 and beyond…

2. What is every object in the universe is made of ?________ Define matter. __________________________________ _______________________________________________ What is all matter made of? ________________________ Define element. _________________________________ ______________________________________________

3. Elements are made of only one kind of atom. What is an atom? ________________________________________ ______________________________________________ What are atoms made up of? ______________________ What are the three major types of subatomic particles? ______________________________________________

4. What is the charge on each of the following? Proton - _________________ and has a mass value of 1 Neutron - _________________ and has a mass value of 1 Electron - ________________ and has a mass value of 0 In what part of the atom are protons and neutrons found densely packed? ______________________________________________ Where are electrons found? _________________________________________

5. Periodic Table of Elements Each element is made up of same atoms 1 H Hydrogen 1.0079 Atomic Number = _________________________ (# P = # of electrons) _________________ – 1 st letter always CAPITAL 2 nd letter always lower cased Name ____________________ = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons Number of Neutrons = Atomic Mass - Atomic Number Number of electrons must equal the number protons or the atom will be charged (+ or -) = Ion

6. An atom that gains one or more electrons will have a negative charge. Like the electron. It is called an Anion “An-Eye-On” An atom that loses one or more electrons will have a positive charge. Like the proton. It is call a Cation “Cat- Eye-On” Meet Anion Extra Electron = negative charge Meet Cation Extra Proton = positive charge

7. “Happy Atoms” Aka Bohr’s Model Atomic shells like to be filled. As you just learned some atoms have too many electrons. What do atoms do when too many electrons are available? ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________

8. Bohr’s Model ctd. Each valence (orbit or shell) has a specific number of electrons it can hold The first shell can hold ______________________ The second shell can hold ______________________ The third shell can hold ______________________ The fourth shell can hold 18 electrons

9. What is a compound? ____________________________ ______________________________________________ ________________________________ A compound is a NEW substance with properties that are different from what it is composed of. What is a molecule? _____________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Ozone O 3

10. Think back what were the states of matter you were taught? _______________________________________

11. Plasma – we will not concentrate on this one NOT ON TEST! The fourth state of matter, the others being solid, liquid and gas. Plasma consists of Matter heated to sufficiently high temperatures that some or all of the electrons escape from the atom. The atoms become ions. Most of the matter in the universe, some estimates give 99%, and virtually all of the matter in the Sun is in the plasma state. In our everyday lives we very rarely come across plasma. Plasma is created as a lightening bolt flashes through the atmosphere and there is a plasma inside a fluorescent light or neon sign, but otherwise it seems we live mostly surrounded by some of the 1% of the universe which is not plasma!

12. S OLIDS – molecules are barely moving; ( ice cube ) Little energy Definite volume Definite Shape L IQUIDS - molecules moving fairly freely ( water ) More energy Definite volume No definite shape

13. G ASES – molecules are moving rapidly ( steam ) Lots of energy No definite volume No definite shape

14. Name some ways that can I tell that a chemical reaction has taken place. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________ A BIG CLUE – Chemical changes are NOT easily reversed

15. Name some ways that can I tell that a physical change has taken place. ________________________________

16. Changing States Of Matter