1. MATTER

2. What is Matter? Must have mass Must have mass Occupies space (has volume) Occupies space (has volume)

3. Density Because all matter has mass and volume, all matter has density. Because all matter has mass and volume, all matter has density. D = M V

4. Law of Conservation of Matter Matter cannot be created or destroyed Matter cannot be created or destroyed

5. When 400 grams of wood are burned only about 30 grams of ash remain. When 400 grams of wood are burned only about 30 grams of ash remain. What happened to the missing matter? What happened to the missing matter?

6. During a chemical reaction matter is conserved During a chemical reaction matter is conserved

7. States of Matter Matter can exist in three basic states: Matter can exist in three basic states: Solid (s) Solid (s) Liquid (l) Liquid (l) Gas (g) Gas (g)

8. A Fourth State of Matter? Plasma Plasma Occurs when the atoms of matter have been stripped of their electrons. Occurs when the atoms of matter have been stripped of their electrons.

9. Basic Types of Matter

10. Pure Substances

11. Elements

12. Elements Made up of atoms of one specific type Made up of atoms of one specific type Cannot be broken down further by a chemical reaction Cannot be broken down further by a chemical reaction Have specific physical and chemical properties. Have specific physical and chemical properties.

13. The Periodic Table of Elements Each element has its own atomic number Each element has its own atomic number Atomic number tells us the number of protons in that elements nucleus. Atomic number tells us the number of protons in that elements nucleus.

14. Examples of Elements

15. What elements can you find in the classroom now? What elements can you find in the classroom now?

16. What elements are important in the food we eat? What elements are important in the food we eat?

17. Where Do We Get Elements? Obtained in nature in their pure state. Obtained in nature in their pure state.

18. Some elements are combined together in compounds and are separated out through chemical reactions. Some elements are combined together in compounds and are separated out through chemical reactions.

19. Some elements don’t exist naturally, and are man-made through nuclear bombardment reactions Some elements don’t exist naturally, and are man-made through nuclear bombardment reactions

20. Elements and Their Symbols Elements have either one or two letters when they are written as a symbol. Elements have either one or two letters when they are written as a symbol. If two letters, the second letter is written lower case. (Ex: Write Cu for copper not CU) If two letters, the second letter is written lower case. (Ex: Write Cu for copper not CU)

22. Usually it is pretty easy to match an element to its symbol (Ex: Neon = Ne) Usually it is pretty easy to match an element to its symbol (Ex: Neon = Ne) Sometimes the symbol is derived from a Latin name for the element. Sometimes the symbol is derived from a Latin name for the element. Ex: Au = gold (comes from Latin word aurum) Ex: Au = gold (comes from Latin word aurum)

23. Tricky Elements Here are some of the harder elements to match their name to their symbol. Here are some of the harder elements to match their name to their symbol. Na = sodium K = potassium Fe = iron Cu = copper Sb = antimony Sn = tin Pb = lead Hg = mercury W = tungstun Au = gold Ag = silver

24. Phases and Elements Under standard conditions, most elements exist as solids. Under standard conditions, most elements exist as solids. The Gases: The Gases: H, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, O, F, Cl H, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, O, F, Cl The Liquids: The Liquids: Hg, Br Hg, Br

25. Diatomic Elements Two atoms of the same element joined Two atoms of the same element joined Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine BrINClHOF BrINClHOF

26. Compounds

27. Compounds Most elements in nature do not exist in their pure state, but in compounds. Most elements in nature do not exist in their pure state, but in compounds. Compound = Two or more different elements bonded together chemically Ex: C 6 H 12 O 6, MgCl 2, CH 4, NO 2, CO 2, NaCl

28. Law of Definite Proportions Elements in compounds have definite fixed Elements in compounds have definite fixed proportions by mass.

30. Getting New Properties Compounds have different chemical and physical properties than the elements that make them up. Compounds have different chemical and physical properties than the elements that make them up.

31. - Sodium (Na) Toxic, reactive metal that will explode in water - Chlorine (Cl) Brown toxic gas that was used as a chemical weapon to kill people in WWI Sodium Chloride (NaCl) White edible crystal, and salt for my french fries!!

32. Focus Question What are the differences between elements and compounds? What are the differences between elements and compounds?