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Published byErik Miles Modified over 9 years ago
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Matter Mixtures Solutions
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Matter and Energy
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The Big Bang
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Formation of Matter Big Bang Time, Space, Energy – Light Quarks and Gluons (E=MC 2 ) 10 -6 seconds Hadrons – Protons, Neutrons 10 5 years Atoms - Hydrogen, Helium Billions of years – Stars, Heavier Elements, Molecules (Carbon, Oxygen, Water) 10 10 years Substances – Our Sun, Earth, Rocks DNA, Proteins Life – Plants, Animals 13,500,000,000 years - Us
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Four States of Matter SolidLiquid GasPlasma
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Solid A solid has a definite shape and volume. Examples of solids include ice (solid water), a bar of steel, and dry ice (solid carbon dioxide).
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Liquid A liquid has a definite volume, but takes the shape of its container. Examples of liquids include water and oil.
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Gas A gas has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. Examples of gases are air, oxygen, and helium.
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Plasma Plasma has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. Plasma often is seen in ionized gases. Plasma is distinct from a gas because it possesses unique properties. Free electrical charges (not bound to atoms or ions) cause plasma to be electrically conductive. Plasma may be formed by heating and ionizing a gas. Stars are made of plasma. Lightning is plasma. You can find plasma inside fluorescent lights and neon signs.
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Microscopic Properties Different States of Water Solid: Ice Liquid: Water Gas: Water Vapor
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Mixtures Combination of two or more substances in which the individual substances do not lose their physical or chemical properties. Individual components can be physically separated.
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Solutions A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these. Homogeneous: of uniform structure or composition throughout
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Solution Components Solute: Substance dissolved in a given solution Solvent: Substance that dissolves a solute
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Sodium Chloride (Salt) Crystal Water Molecule
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Solubility The amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent. Exothermic process: Gives of heat Endothermic process: Requires heat input
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Solubility As A Function of Temperature
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Solutions – Separation of Solute from Solvent
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