1. INFLUENCES ON AMERICAN POLITICAL RIGHTS

2. Magna Carta - 1215 “English Church shall be free… rights entire, and liberties [whole]” Separation of Church and State U.S. Constitution – 1 st Amendment

3. Magna Carta - 1215 “We have granted to all freemen...for us and for our heirs forever...all unwritten liberties...” Rights for the people, whether specified or not, for now and for the future U.S. Constitution – Preamble – liberty for “ourselves... and our Posterity” (future) - 9 th Amendment – Additional powers reserved to the people

4. Magna Carta - 1215 “No bailiff shall…put anyone to trial upon own unsupported testimony, without reliable witnesses...” Right to face accuser, right to call witnesses U.S. Constitution – 6 th Amendment

5. Magna Carta - 1215 “No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned... unless by lawful judgement of peers…” Right to a Trial by Jury U.S. Constitution – 6 th Amendment

6. John Locke People are born free with natural rights: life, liberty, and property People are born free with natural rights: life, liberty, and property Natural rights always exist even in a state of nature (no govt.) but are unsafe. Natural rights always exist even in a state of nature (no govt.) but are unsafe. If a govt. violated people’s rights, they were justified in replacing a govt. by force if necessary. If a govt. violated people’s rights, they were justified in replacing a govt. by force if necessary. Two Treatises of Government

7. Montesquieu Three branches of govt.: Three branches of govt.: Executive, Legislative, & Judicial Separate branches of govt. should check and balance the others to prevent abuses. Separate branches of govt. should check and balance the others to prevent abuses.

8. Rousseau “ Social Contract” – a government derives power from consent of the governed. “ Social Contract” – a government derives power from consent of the governed.

9. Voltaire Religious tolerance Religious tolerance Freedom of speech Freedom of speech “I may detest what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it.”

10. Adam Smith The Free Market should be allowed to regulate business. The Free Market should be allowed to regulate business. The “invisible hand” The “invisible hand”

11. Mayflower Compact A. From where did such a government get its power?...the consent of the people A. How would this government work? “Social contract” – People promise obedience to colonial leaders in exchange for just government. It allows for new laws to be added.

12. Great Awakening 1730s-1740s A. Time of religious revival stressing piety (devoutness) “Born Again” Christians “Born Again” Christians A. Baptist church converted farmers & African slaves. Preaching of evils of slavery led to violence by farmers fearing loss of their slaves. A. Emphasized individualism Created challenges to traditional “church” authority.