1. PISTON ENGINE PROPULSION Chapter 1 Mechanical Arrangement 1933 Alvis Engine 2014 Hyundai Engine

2. Mechanical Arrangement - Basics

4. Hand force in direction ‘A’ gives rotational force on nut Leg force in direction ‘B’ gives rotational force on pedal/crank propels bicycle along

5. Mechanical Arrangement - Basics Cylinder Piston Connecting Rod Crank Shaft ‘Big-end’ Gudgeon Pin Main Bearings Offset Bearing Counter Balance Weight

6. 1 2 3 4 Pistons Crankshaft Rear Front Flywheel attachment flange Timing Belt and Water Pump driving pulley location Main Bearings Mechanical Arrangement - Basics

7. Mechanical Arrangement – Main Parts Sump (Oil Tank) ‘Rocker Box’ Cover Cylinder Block Flywheel Valve Gear Crankshaft and Pistons Exploded View of the Engine Cylinder Head Assembly Timing Shaft

8. Mechanical Arrangement – Valve Gear Valve Operation The Inlet Valve needs to be open to allow fuel/air mixture in The Exhaust Valve needs to be open to allow burnt gases out Inlet Valve Exhaust Valve

9. Mechanical Arrangement – Valve Gear Rocker Rocker Shaft Closing spring Valve Seat Push Rod Cam Shaft Inlet Valve ClosedInlet Valve Open Valve Lift Push Rod Mechanism

10. Mechanical Arrangement – Valve Gear Overhead Cam - No Rocker Overhead Cam and Rocker Push Rod Mechanism

11. Mechanical Arrangement – Valve Gear Modern Engines use a toothed rubber belt to drive the cam shafts Cam Drive Mechanism Crankshaft and Pistons Twin Cam System Chain Tensioners

12. Mechanical Arrangement Put it all together How does it work? Next Chapter