1. IAEA International Conference on Management of Spent Fuel
from Nuclear Power Reactors
31 May to 4 June 2010, Vienna, Austria
Development of the Spent Fuel Management Infrastructure in the Russian Federation
E. Kudryavtsev, A. Khaperskaya
Rosatom State Nuclear Energy Corporation
V. Smirnov, R&D Company “Sosny”
The issue of SF management is extremely important in a view of Nuclear Power sustainable development as well as for nuclear legacy problems to be solved.

2. Rosatom Major Tasks and Schedule for the SF and RW Management
Start-up of Industrial Reprocessing Plant (RT-2)
and Final Geologic Disposal Facility
2035
Major Nuclear Legacy Problems are solved
Stage 3
2025
Creation of the most important Nuclear Infrastructure Facilities
Stage 2
Start-up of Market-oriented RadWaste&SF management System
2015
The slide illustrate general directions and a timing for the establishing Rosatom’s RW and SF management system
Establishment of Legislative and Financial Basis
for the Corporate Rad&Nuclear Safety Assurance System
2010
Stage 1

3. Nuclear Renaissance in Russia
Nuclear Power Development Program, approved by the Russian President on June 8, 2006
Federal Law of 1 December 2007 N 317-ФЗ «On the State Atomic Energy Corporation «Rosatom»
Program of the «Rosatom» Corporation Activity, started from 2009 (new NPP construction)
Federal Targeted Program “Nuclear and Radiological Safety Assurance for year 2008 and until 2015” with total budget of 145,4 Bn rubles (including 131,2 Bn from Federal budget)
Federal Targeted Program “Nuclear Technologies of the new Generation for and for 2020 perspective“ with total budget of 128 Bn rubles (including 110,4 Bn rubles from Federal budget)
The general information on key events which created a basis for the nuclear power renaissance in the Russian Federation 3

4. Key figures of Rosatom Spent Fuel Discharge
Annual Spent Fuel Discharge from Russian Power Reactors is ~650 mt
15% of that amount (VVER-440, BN-600 fuels) is currently reprocessed at RT-1 plant
30% (VVER-1000 fuel) is shipped for centralized wet storage at MCC site near Krasnoyarsk, with plans for reprocessing
55% (RBMK-1000 fuel) is currently placed in wet AFR storages with plans for further shipment for dry storage at MCC site near Krasnoyarsk
A few words on current SF management situation 4

5. Accumulated Spent Fuel in Russian Federation - decomposition
Total amount of accumulated fuel is mt
VVER-1000
RBMK-1000
VVER and RBMK fuels are at store in NPP and centralized storage facilities
AMB and RR fuels heed special technical decisions
According to Federal Law all accumulated SF is property of Russian Federation
Accumulated SF is an important part of the Russian nuclear legacy – the problem to be solved.
AMB fuel
RR and other fuels

6. Spent Fuel Management Concept of the “ROSATOM” State Corporation
Basic Principles of the Concept–2008:
Reprocessing of the Used Nuclear Fuel for ecologically acceptable Waste Management and Disposal, Recycling of the Recovered Nuclear Materials
High priority for Nuclear Safety and for the Nuclear Materials Security during all the management stages, aiming to avoid undue burdens on future generations
Strategic Directions for the Future Activity:
Development of the safe and reliable long-term storage system,
Further development of reprocessing technologies,
Balanced utilization of the reprocessed nuclear materials,
Conditioning and final disposal of the radioactive wastes from reprocessing activity
Spent fuel management concept is based on reprocessing and recycling as a basics for the closure of the fuel cycle

7. Development of Legislative Basis for the RW and SNF management system
Russian legislation still underdeveloped and don’t correspond to the idea of Nuclear Power sustainability

8. Major points of the Draft Low for “Management of Radioactive Wastes”
Priority for safe final disposal of radioactive wastes
Realistic system for radioactive wastes classification
Direct connection of radwaste ownership and responsibility
Establishment of Limits for Radwaste storage period and Criteria for Waste package acceptability for the final disposal
Establishment of National Operator for the final disposal activities
Granted financial basis for “full cycle” waste management activities
Draft of the Law is under consideration of the State Duma
Most important for us is creation of the transparent and obligatory system for the RW and SF management towards final disposition of wastes and radioactive materials with full cost to be covered by operators. 8

9. Final RadWaste Disposal Sites in Russia
Near or SubSurface Disposal
Facility for LILW
“MAYAK” PA
HLW at MCC
Near Surface Disposal
Facility for LILW
Major sites for the implementation of the key infrastructural projects including final disposal. 9

10. Development of Spent Nuclear Fuel Management System in Russia10

11. Key Directions for Development of the Russian Nuclear Fuel Management System
Drafting of the State Law “On Spent Nuclear Fuel Management”
Infrastructure Development Projects (Wet and Dry Storages, including Cask Storage Systems)
Technological options for the specific SF types (AMB, Submarine fuels, damaged and non conventional fuels)
Research and Demo Center for Research and Development of Advanced Reprocessing technology at MCC (Krasnoyarsk)
Final Disposal Technology for the Wastes from Reprocessing activity
MOX Fuel Technology Development
Key Directions include legislation issues, large construction projects, as well as research, design and development activity. 11

12. Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Fund
State Budget
SF Management
Fund
Accumulated
Problems in SF management
Newly generated Nuclear Fuel
Market-oriented
Structures (NPP)
Federal
Program
Financial basis and model for the UNF management shall take into account :
Full cycle for the SF management
Segregation of State and Market Structures Liabilities
Financial System (Centralized SF Management Fund)
Full Cycle Infrastructure
The idea of SF management Fund is connected with the segregation of State Liability and utilities liability. 12 12

13. Flowchart for the Russian SF Management System Facilities
RRs, NSubs
VVER-440,
BN-600
Wet
Storage
RT-1 Plant
HLW Store
NFA Dismantling
AMB -100, 200
PA MAYAK
VVER-1000
Central Wet
Store
RT-2
Plant
RDC
VVER-1200
Dry Store
On this chart you may see in red – existing facilities and in blue – anew ones, some of them are at design and preliminary design stages and dry stores are under construction.
Final Geologic
Disposal LL&HLW
Dry Store
RBMK-1000 FA
Dismantling
MOX-Fuel FF
MCC
Pu from Store 13

14. Major projects for SNF Management at MCC Site

15. Center for SF Management at Mining Chemical Combine (MCC) site
Construction of the Dry Store for the VVER and RBMK fuels is the Key Rosatom’s Infrastructure Project
Capacity of the I-st Stage is 8100 mt of RBMK fuel
Cold Start-up in planned for the end of 2010
Enlargement of Wet Store (ХОТ-1) with gradual increase of capacity to 8600 mt
You may see the construction site for large dry storage at Krasnoyarsk Mining Chemical Combine. Cold test are scheduled for the end of the year.
Design work is in progress for the Research and Demo reprocessing Centre, construction will start next year. 15 15

16. Final Disposal of HLW near MCC Site
Nijnekanskiy Massif – the place chosen for the final disposal of vitrified HLW and long-lived wastes at 500 m depth in granites
I-st Stage – construction of Underground Lab. Declaration of intent already submitted to regional authorities.
Geologic survey and Preliminary design are in progress for the final disposal facility near Krasnoyarsk. 16 20 16 16 16

17. Pu utilization at MCC site
In the frame of Federal Targeted Program “Nuclear Technologies of the new Generation for and for 2020 perspective“ the U-Pu fuel fabrication facilities are under development for:
Securing of U-Pu fuel for BN-800 Fast Reactor (under construction) and BN-600 (Hybrid Core) at Beloyarskaya NPP by
- Fabrication of the Granulated Fuel Composition at MCC (Krasnoyarsk)
- Fabrication of the Fuel rods and Fuel Assemblies at NIIAR (Dimitrovgrad)
Fulfillment of US-Russia Intergovernmental Agreement on Ex-Weapon Pu Disposition
This year we also start the construction of granulated U-Pu fuel Fabrication Facilities at Krasnoyarsk and Dimitrovgrad sites.

18. Mining Chemical Combine – Centre for the Closure of Nuclear Fuel Cycle
The Centre will include:
- SNF storage and reprocessing
- MOX fabrication
- Waste final disposal
MOX-Fuel
HLW
SNF
RT-2
RT-2
With all these projects at Krasnoyarsk site Rosatom steadily create a large SF management Centre, hosting most important activities for reprocessing and recycling of nuclear materials.
Demo Reprocessing Centre
Underground Lab
U-Pu granulated Fuel Fabrication 18 18

19. Reprocessing of Nuclear Legacy Fuel
Very shortly about smaller projects for legacy SF fuel management.

20. AMB Legacy Fuels Management
Total amount 300 mt of U in Mg (Ca) alloyed fuel composition
Fuel Assembly is 14 m long
Tasks to be solved
Installation of the Safe Dismantling Complex for the AMB Fuel Assemblies at Beloyarskaya NPP
Transport of the Fuel pins to PA Mayak site for reprocessing
Adaptation of the RT-1 Reprocessing Technology for AMB fuel composition including Vitrification Technology for the AMB Wastes
One of the most difficult task is connected with AMB fuel management. We are moving to the dismantling and reprocessing of this fuel in order to avoid undue burden for the future generations. 20 20

21. Research Reactors Fuel Return Program
Tchekh 1
2007
2006
Uzbek 1
2008
2009
2010
2011
Bulgaria 1
Kazakhstan3
Poland 4
Germany 1
US-Russian Program for the Return of Research Reactors Fuel – Prevention of HEU Proliferation
Hungary 1
Libia 1
Germany 2
Serbia 1
Latvia 1
Poland1
Ukraine 1
Kazakhstan1
Romania 1
Another small scale but very important Program is Research Reactors Fuel Return. This is US-Russian cooperative Program to eliminate HEU fuels from reactor sites and exclude proliferation risk. 7 shipments in 2010 with completion of the program in 2012
N of shipments / year 21

22. Conclusions 22

23. Tasks for mid-term implementation
Securing and further development of an adequate Spent Fuel Management Infrastructure is a top priority task for Rosatom to facilitate ambitious Nuclear Power Development Program in Russia.
Construction of Dry Storage, R&Demo Reprocessing and Waste disposal Facilities at Mining Chemical Combine site are the “Starting” Projects which lead a way to a large scale SF management Complex in the Russian Federation.
Deployment of these facilities will increase export potential for Russian nuclear technologies including back-end fuel cycle services.
Rosatom consider a reprocessing technology as a most reliable, safe and secure final disposition option for different legacy fuels as well as the only available industrial SF management technology for the future sustainable Nuclear Power evolution.

24. Thank you for your
attention