1. World War II 1939-1945 APUSH Part I Essential Questions: How did the WWI peace settlement fail? How did the WWI peace settlement fail? Why doesn’t the United States want to be directly involved with European affairs? Why doesn’t the United States want to be directly involved with European affairs? What conflicts led to American Involvement in World War II? What conflicts led to American Involvement in World War II?

2. Between two wars Between WWI & WWII Europe is devastated and must rebuild Between WWI & WWII Europe is devastated and must rebuild Why is it difficult for Germany to rebuild & recover after WWI? Why is it difficult for Germany to rebuild & recover after WWI?

3. Return of Nationalism Peace from WWI does not lead to prosperity Peace from WWI does not lead to prosperity Dictators gain power across Europe as intense nationalism makes a comeback Dictators gain power across Europe as intense nationalism makes a comeback Dictators want 2 things Dictators want 2 things 1. Prove superiority of their country 2. Territorial expansion

4. Joseph Stalin Soviet Union “Man of steel” takes over in 1924 “Man of steel” takes over in 1924 Communist, made agriculture & industrial growth # 1 Communist, made agriculture & industrial growth # 1 Economic activity was controlled by gov’t Economic activity was controlled by gov’t Killed over 8 million people to accomplish goals Killed over 8 million people to accomplish goals Est. a totalitarian gov’t Est. a totalitarian gov’t Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin

5. Totalitarian: A government which maintains total/complete control over its citizens A government which maintains total/complete control over its citizens Citizens have little to no rights & the gov’t suppresses all opposition Citizens have little to no rights & the gov’t suppresses all opposition

6. Benito Mussolini Italy Italy devastated by WWI Italy devastated by WWI Takes power in 1921 Takes power in 1921 Est. a Fascist gov’t Est. a Fascist gov’t Used military to force the King of Italy to appoint him head of Italian gov’t Used military to force the King of Italy to appoint him head of Italian gov’t Crushed all opposition Crushed all opposition Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini

7. Fascism Extreme form of nationalism & placed interest of the nation above individual needs Extreme form of nationalism & placed interest of the nation above individual needs Power should reside with a single strong leader and a very small group of devoted party members Power should reside with a single strong leader and a very small group of devoted party members

8. Adolf Hitler Germany Takes power in 1933 in the midst of economic depression Takes power in 1933 in the midst of economic depression Powerful public speaker, joined Nazi party in 1919 and worked his way to the top Powerful public speaker, joined Nazi party in 1919 and worked his way to the top Nazism is the German brand of fascism Nazism is the German brand of fascism Aggressively spreads German influence all over Europe Aggressively spreads German influence all over Europe Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler

9. Japanese Militarists Hideki Tojo Nationalistic military leaders trying to take over imperial gov’t of Japan Nationalistic military leaders trying to take over imperial gov’t of Japan Wanted more territory for a growing population Wanted more territory for a growing population Took over part of China (Manchuria) in 1931 Took over part of China (Manchuria) in 1931 League of Nations is powerless to stop Japan League of Nations is powerless to stop Japan Hideki Tojo Hideki Tojo

10. Francisco Franco Spain Led a fascist revolt in Spain Led a fascist revolt in Spain Took over country in 1939 after a civil war Took over country in 1939 after a civil war Hitler & Mussolini supported Franco’s totalitarian gov’t Hitler & Mussolini supported Franco’s totalitarian gov’t Meanwhile Italy invaded Ethiopia Meanwhile Italy invaded Ethiopia Francisco Franco

11. American Isolationism Americans do not want to be brought in to another large-scale conflict like WWI Americans do not want to be brought in to another large-scale conflict like WWI Many Americans are against intervention in Europe and Asia Many Americans are against intervention in Europe and Asia President Franklin D. Roosevelt is criticized for trying to end U.S. isolationism President Franklin D. Roosevelt is criticized for trying to end U.S. isolationism

12. Hitler & The Nazi Party Many desperate Germans see Nazi’s as their only hope Many desperate Germans see Nazi’s as their only hope Hitler had three goals Hitler had three goals 1. Unite all German speaking people in a great empire 2. Racially purify Germany: Aryans are the master race all & other races are inferior 3. National expansion: believed Germans were entitled to more territory

13. War in Europe Hitler orders German military to take over Austria & Czechoslovakia Hitler orders German military to take over Austria & Czechoslovakia Goal is to unite all German speaking peoples Goal is to unite all German speaking peoples Instead of fighting back rest of Europe is focused on appeasement: giving in to German demands Instead of fighting back rest of Europe is focused on appeasement: giving in to German demands Poland & eventually France are invaded by the Nazis Poland & eventually France are invaded by the Nazis

14. Soviet Neutrality U.S.S.R. and Germany sign a non-aggression pact and promise not to fight each other U.S.S.R. and Germany sign a non-aggression pact and promise not to fight each other Once enemies the two nations become allies Once enemies the two nations become allies Hitler will break the pact and attack U.S.S.R, ending the alliance Hitler will break the pact and attack U.S.S.R, ending the alliance

15. The Holocaust Hitler wants to purify Germany/Europe of inferior races Hitler wants to purify Germany/Europe of inferior races Persecutes Jews, Gypsies, & any non- white race Persecutes Jews, Gypsies, & any non- white race Millions put in concentration camps Millions put in concentration camps What was Hitler’s final solution? What was Hitler’s final solution? An estimated 11 million civilians killed in Holocaust An estimated 11 million civilians killed in Holocaust

16. End of Isolation Despite best efforts U.S. cannot stay neutral during WWII Despite best efforts U.S. cannot stay neutral during WWII Cash-and-Carry: warring nations can buy U.S. arms as long as they pay cash and transport them in their own ships Cash-and-Carry: warring nations can buy U.S. arms as long as they pay cash and transport them in their own ships Lend-Lease Act: passed by FDR to provide arms & supplies to “any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.” Lend-Lease Act: passed by FDR to provide arms & supplies to “any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.” Just like WWI, Britain & France needed help & U.S. would provide it Just like WWI, Britain & France needed help & U.S. would provide it

17. Pearl Harbor Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in 1941 Officially brings U.S. into WWII Officially brings U.S. into WWII Raid kills 2,403 people Raid kills 2,403 people Nearly destroys U.S. Pacific Fleet Nearly destroys U.S. Pacific Fleet What is Japan’s goal in attacking Pearl Harbor ? What is Japan’s goal in attacking Pearl Harbor ?