1. Two Revolutions in Russia Two Revolutions in Russia

2. What is a Revolution? What does the term revolution mean?

3. Name That Revolution! Revolution Resulting in the Factory System and Mass Production: Revolution with new ideas on Government and society Revolution with a Reign of Terror and the Rise of Napoleon Revolution Where Japan Modernizes

4. Communism/Marxism Economic and Political System Sees All History as Economic Worldwide Revolution of the Workers All Means of Production to be owned by the workers. Class Struggle Power to the working class

5. Alexandra and Alexei

6. Rasputin

7. Russia in 1914 A huge country– spread from Eastern Europe all the way to the Pacific Ocean Ruled by the Romanovs Emperor in 1914 was Czar Nicholas II His German wife was Alexandra His son Alexei suffered from haemophilia

8. The Russian People Many Russian people were peasant farmers – they were poor and illiterate Most of the land was owned by the nobility There was a growing URBAN population which worked in the factories – they lived in poor conditions So for most Russians life was hard

9. The Czar The Czar Ruled as An Absolute Monarch. He Held Total Power

10. Long Term Causes of the Russian Revolutions Large Gap Between Rich and Poor Rapid Industrialization Loss in Russo-Japanese War Failed Revolution of 1905 and Czar’s Failure to Make Changes

11. Into World War 1 In 1914 Russia entered the war It had a massive army BUT faced problems! 1.It was badly equipped (By 1915, men were sent to battle without weapons) 2.High Casualties

12. Nicholas II heads to war Nicholas II decided to head to the front lines to help his men Unfortunately he was not a competent leader and the Czarina Alexandra was left in charge ( Nicholas II) The Czarina, German born, knew little about government –The Czarina turned to Rasputin for advice

13. Gregory Rasputin An illiterate peasant and self- proclaimed “holy man” He gained the reputation as being a healer Following a “healing” experience with her hemophilic son, Alexandra released more power to Rasputin A group of nobles killed him fearing his power in 1916

14. Immediate Causes of Russian Revolutions Unpopularity of Czar and his Family Massive Casualties in World War 1 Food Shortages

15. Vladimir Lenin Communist Lenin and the Bolsheviks promised the people “Peace, Land and Bread” Bolsheviks-Russian Communists

16. Germany and Lenin Germans Help Lenin go Back to Russia in Hopes that he would start Revolution and Take Russia Out of WWI

17. Answer What Three Things Did the Communists Promise the Russian People?

18. The November Revolution In November (Oct. in Russian Calendar) In just a few days Lenin’s and the Bolsheviks overthrew the government, who put up no fight Communists will Execute Czar and Family

19. The Russian Civil War The Bolshevik’s quickly looked for peace with Germany (signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) For 3 years the Reds (Communists) battled the Whites (Counterrevolutionaries) who remained loyal to the czar The Allies (of WWI) sent forces to help the Whites/The Reds used this to increase distrust of the West and increase nationalism

20. Communism Wins By 1921 the Communists/Reds win the Russian Civil War But Russia was in shambles: millions of deaths from the wars, famine, and disease Lenin would now have to rebuild the nation

21. USSR Russia under Communist Rule was Known as the Soviet Union or the USSR!

22. Joseph Stalin After the Death of Lenin, Joseph Stalin Will Take Power in the Soviet Union. He Was One of the World’s Most Brutal Totalitarian Dictators.

23. Answer: Who was Rasputin? Who fought in the Russian Civil War Who won the Russian Civil War? Who took power after Lenin? What three things did the Russian Communists Promise?