1. Maneuvering At Low Altitude: Spins Maneuvering At Low Altitude: Spins

2. Lindsay, OK CaseStudy Web Movie

3. Common Scenario Accident occurred during a flight review Conditions were day, VFR with winds nearby reported at about 5 knots No anomalies were found with flight or power controls, or with the engine Last moments reconstructed using radar data and data recovered from the aircraft’s PFD and MFD

4. Discussion What are your thoughts about this accident? Where does the first major link occur in the accident chain?

5. How many warning signs can you identify in the accident sequence? Discussion Relative to the traffic pattern, what elements of stall/spin awareness do you emphasize?

6. Yaw and stall must both be present in order for an aircraft to spin. —What are the various sources of yaw? Discussion

7. According to the Airplane Flying Handbook, what are the four phases of a spin? Discussion

8. Discussion “There are four phases of a spin: entry, incipient, developed, and recovery.” Source: Airplane Flying Handbook, Pg. 4-13 and Fig. 4-10

9. During a spin, how do the angles of attack of the left and right wings compare? Discussion

10. Discussion Source: Airplane Flying Handbook, Fig. 4-10 Wing AOAs are unequal during a spin

11. Unless the manufacturer states otherwise, how should spin recovery inputs be applied? Discussion

12. Discussion Step 1—REDUCE THE POWER (THROTTLE) TO IDLE. Power aggravates the spin characteristics. Step 2—POSITION THE AILERONS TO NEUTRAL. Ailerons may have an adverse effect on spin recovery. Step 3—APPLY FULL OPPOSITE RUDDER AGAINST THE ROTATION. Make sure that full (against the stop) opposite rudder has been applied. Step 4—APPLY A POSITIVE AND BRISK, STRAIGHT FORWARD MOVEMENT OF THE ELEVATOR CONTROL FORWARD OF THE NEUTRAL TO BREAK THE STALL. This should be done immediately after full rudder application. Step 5—AFTER SPIN ROTATION STOPS, NEUTRALIZE THE RUDDER. Source: Airplane Flying Handbook, Pg. 4-15

13. Some aircraft can exhibit aggravated spin behavior by design (it’s just their nature). —Even so, what pilot-controlled actions tend to aggravate a spin? Discussion

14. When is a spin most likely to occur? Discussion

15. Discussion Source: FAA General Aviation Accident Causes PowerPoint Slides, September 8, 2010 Primary Secondary

16. When spinning, the slip/skid ball is totally unreliable for determining spin direction. —But what instrument does provide reliable spin direction information (upright spins)? Discussion

17. In general, the sequence rudder-followed-by- elevator is important during spin recovery. —Unless noted otherwise, how long a delay should there be between these actions? Discussion

18. Discussion Step 1—REDUCE THE POWER (THROTTLE) TO IDLE. Power aggravates the spin characteristics. Step 2—POSITION THE AILERONS TO NEUTRAL. Ailerons may have an adverse effect on spin recovery. Step 3—APPLY FULL OPPOSITE RUDDER AGAINST THE ROTATION. Make sure that full (against the stop) opposite rudder has been applied. Step 4—APPLY A POSITIVE AND BRISK, STRAIGHT FORWARD MOVEMENT OF THE ELEVATOR CONTROL FORWARD OF THE NEUTRAL TO BREAK THE STALL. This should be done immediately after full rudder application. Step 5—AFTER SPIN ROTATION STOPS, NEUTRALIZE THE RUDDER.

19. How do you determine if a particular airplane is approved for intentional spins? —And is it ever permissible to intentionally spin when in the Normal category? Discussion

20. What are some of the common errors made during the execution of intentional spins? Discussion

21. If you inadvertently spin while cross-controlled, in what direction would you usually expect the rotation to be? Discussion

22. CFI Applicants Reference: Airplane Flying Handbook, Chapter 4 Logbook endorsement that applicant has demonstrated competency in spin entries, spins, and spin recoveries

23. CFI Applicants Reference: Airplane Flying Handbook, Chapter 4 Instructional knowledge of: Anxiety factors associated with spins Accident scenarios Spin aerodynamics Common errors

24. An avoidable spin accident An avoidable spin accident Spin dynamics and aggravating factors Spin dynamics and aggravating factors How to determine if an aircraft is approved for intentional spins How to determine if an aircraft is approved for intentional spins Common errors during intentional spins Common errors during intentional spins Summary During this forum, we discussed:

25. This presentation would not have been possible without the generous help and support of the following: Your Forum Facilitator FAA Safety Team www.FAASafety.gov www.FAASafety.gov SAFE www.SafePilots.org www.SafePilots.org Gold Seal Flight www.GoldSealFlight.com www.GoldSealFlight.com AvWeb www.AvWeb.com www.AvWeb.com Rich Stowell, MCFI-A www.RichStowell.com www.RichStowell.com Created December 2010

26. Quiz