1. Airspeed Indicator Tells you how fast you are moving through the air Green band is safe speed range of the airplane Instrument shows airspeed in knots, which are nautical miles per hour Be sure to keep the airspeed of aircraft in the green zone

2. Vertical Speed Indicator Tells you how fast your airplane is climbing or falling White needle will point to 0 (zero) if you are flying level If you are descending, the needle will point down If you are climbing, the needle will point up Numbers on the instrument indicate the hundreds of feet your aircraft is traveling up or down per minute

3. Altimeter Indicates your airplane’s altitude over Sea Level, not the ground Long white hand points to altitude in hundreds of feet Short white hand points to altitude in thousands of feet If there is a third needle, long and thin, it points to tens of thousands of feet

4. Turn Coordinator Used to make smooth turns Glass level in the bottom of instrument is just like a carpenter’s level White ball will stay in the center of the level if you are coordinating your rudder and aileron movements Needle indicates the direction of slip in the turn Keep the ball centered and your aircraft will be making efficient turns

5. Heading Indicator Indicates your aircraft’s direction Small orange aircraft at center of gage is pointed toward the top The 360 degree compass dial spins under the aircraft as it turns Heading is found by reading the number under the white mark at the top of the instrument (i.e., heading is North at 360 degrees)