1. „Moderné vzdelávanie pre vedomostnú spoločnosť/Projekt je spolufinancovaný zo zdrojov EÚ“ Inovácia obsahu a metód vzdelávania prispôsobená potrebám vedomostnej spoločnosti PERSPECTIVE IN PHOTOGRAPHY VYPRACOVAL: Mgr. Lucia Findoráková máj 2015

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Filippo Brunelleschi Leon Battista Alberti One-point linear perspective Three – point perspective Three – point perspective: bird‘s eye view Three – point perspective: worm‘s eye view Curvilinear perspective: fisheye lens Forced perspective photography

3. Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) - finished his studies as goldsmith - competed against Lorenzo Ghiberti and five other sculptors to create bronze Door of the Florence baptistery - losing the baptistery commission lead him to focus on architecture instead of sculpture - but he still sculpted occasionally

4. F. Brunelleschi: Perspective drawing of Church Santo Spirito, Florence, Italy. His interest in depiction of space lead him to rediscover rules of perspective, together with Leon Battista Alberti. Among his drawings we can see many perspective studies depicting three- dimensional architecture in two- dimensional space.

5. Leon Battista AlbertiBattista (1404 -1472) was homo universalis of Italian renaissance with eye for architecture and painting, sense for poetry. Interested in philosophy and linguistics He was also focused on rediscovery of perspective, since perspective was not in the centre of attention during middle ages, but some rules of perspective have been known since ancient times.

6. Alberti developed method for constructing a picture of a horizontal grid, which was later called Albertian grid

7. One-point linear perspective All lines get close together and finally they meet at one vanishing point at distance. Other types of perspectives can be two-point, three-, four- or multiple-point perspective. This division depends on the number of vanishing points where all lines meet.

8. Linear perspective Photographed by Lucia Findorakova Highways, roads, railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance.

9. Size of an object The size of an object decreases with distance. The closer the subject is, the bigger it appears. All subjects placed in distance appear smaller than subjects in the frontground.

10. Rectilinear perspective Photography by Michele Catania All lines are descending to vanishing point. Such perspective can be captured for example with standard wide-angle or ultra-wide angle lens., but not with fish-eye lens.

11. Three – point perspective When your observation point is higher or lower, you need to consider the third point.

12. Three – point perspective: bird‘s eye viewperspective If the third point is above the observation point, it can be compared to the bird‘s eye view, because birds fly high above subjects.

13. Three – point perspective: worm‘s eye view If the third point is below the observation point, it can be compared to the worm‘s eye view.

14. Curvilinear perspective Fisheye lens Fish eye lens SAMYANG. Fisheye lenses enable extraordinary large angle of view. They are able to capture angles larger than the normal field of cameras view. At the expense of image distortion, creating curvilinear lines, they capture more than standard lens, because they see larger scene.

15. Curvilinear perspective photography by Chris Smith Finally, all sides of picture are deformed to curvilinear and scene looks different from natural eye view. Such effect can be used artistically, but one has to think carefully if it is necessary.

16. Template for curvilinear transversals in central (1-point perspective) perspective Fisheye lens

17. Forced perspective photography Many creative photographers place selected subjects behind, in front of or next to other subjects in order to capture extraordinary images full of perspective tricks.

18. Perspective is depiction of three dimensional space in the two-dimensional plane. “Perspective is the rein and rudder of painting.” Leonardo da Vinci

19. Online sources: http://galleryhip.com/atmospheric-perspective-photography.html http://list25.com/25-awesome-examples-of-forced-perspective-photography/ http://termespheres.com/6-point-perspective/ http://www.watercolorpainting.com/perspective_1_2_3_point.htm http://www.handprint.com/HP/WCL/perspect5.html www.photography.tutsplus.com http://www.zevendesign.com/creating-depth-art-photography/#sthash.hMgWPodB.dpuf https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/c6/14/05/c614050cbe36a9394eed014626f18ae5.jpg https://www.google.sk/search?q=fish+eye+lens&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=_yJLVfe6J4 GqywPo_4CgBA&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=931&bih=414#imgrc=NJRuOoOJtWxtSM%253A%3Bl9IsGMujY G8RBM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.ephotozine.com%252Farticles%252Fsamyang-8mm-t3-8-asph-if- mc-fisheye-cs-vdslr-review-19835%252Fimages%252Fhighres-samyang-8mm-fisheye-cs-lens- 4_1344579610.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.ephotozine.com%252Farticle%252Fsamyang-8mm- t3-8-asph-if-mc-fisheye-cs-vdslr-review-19835%3B2484%3B2442 https://www.google.sk/search?q=fish+eye+lens&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=_yJLVfe6J4 GqywPo_4CgBA&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=931&bih=414#imgrc=NJRuOoOJtWxtSM%253A%3Bl9IsGMujY G8RBM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.ephotozine.com%252Farticles%252Fsamyang-8mm-t3-8-asph-if- mc-fisheye-cs-vdslr-review-19835%252Fimages%252Fhighres-samyang-8mm-fisheye-cs-lens- 4_1344579610.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.ephotozine.com%252Farticle%252Fsamyang-8mm- t3-8-asph-if-mc-fisheye-cs-vdslr-review-19835%3B2484%3B2442 http://www.zevendesign.com/creating-depth-art-photography/ http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/filippo-brunelleschi-granger.jpg