1. Chapter 4.5 Exponential and Logarithm Functions

2. Exponential Equations We solved exponential equations in earlier sections. General methods for solving these equations depend on the property below, which follows from the fact that lorarithmic functions are one-to-one.

4. Solve 7 x = 12. Give the solution to four decimal places.

5. Caution Be careful when evaluating a quotient like

6. Solve 3 2x-1 =.4 x+2 Give the solution to four decimal places.

7. Solve 3 2x-1 =.4 x+2 Give the solution to four decimal places.

8. Solve the equation Give the solution to four decimal places.

9. Solve the equation Give the solution to four decimal places.

10. Solve the equation Give the solution to four decimal places.

11. Solve the equation Give the solution to four decimal places.

12. Logarithmic Equations The next examples show some ways to solve logarithmic equations.

13. Solve

15. Logarithmic Equations The negative solution x = -3 is not in the domain of log a x in the original equation, so the only valid solution is the positive number 2, giving the solution set {2}.

16. Solve

18. Logarithmic Equations The number is negative, so x-1 is negative. So log (x-1) is not defined and this solution is not in the domain. The solution set is

19. Solve

21. The strength of a habit is a function of the number of times the habit is repeated. If N is the number of repetitions and H is the strength of the habit, then, according to psychologist C. L. Hull where k Is a constant.

22. Solve this equation for k.

25. The table gives U. S. coal consumption (in quadrillions of British thermal units, or quads) for several years. The data can be modeled with the functions defined by where t is the number of years after 1900, and f(t) in quads.

27. Approximately what amount of coal was consumed in the United States in 1993?

28. If this trend continues, approximately when will annual consumption reach 25 quads?

29. Annual consumption will reach 25 quads in the year 2010.