1. Psychology Applied to Optometry

2. COURSE SYLLABUS 1.Psychology and visual health 2.Non-verbal communication 3.The visual exam 4.Performace of the optometric exam 5.Giving bad news 6.Difficult patients and managing complaints

3. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE OF THE THEME: 1.Communication 2.Non-verbal communication 3.Functions of non-verbal conduct 4.Interpretation of gestures

4. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION 1. Communication Basic axioms of communication: 1. It is impossible to not communicate 2. All communication is made up of two aspects: content and relation 3. Humans communicate analogically and digitally 4. The nature of a relationship depends on punctuation 5. Relationships can be symmetrical or complementary

5. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION 2. Non-verbal communication The most important from the communicative point of view Affective. Similar language to the primates. Unconscious Misunderstanding

6. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION Emblems Illustrators Regulators Adaptores Emotional expressions My cervicals hurt from so much studying... Have you really worked in NASA? Yes, of course...

7. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION KINETIC: the study of bodily movement –Looks/glance –Facial expressions –General posture –Bodily movements BODILY CONTACT(TACT É SICA): the study of bodily contact during interaction BODILY PROXIMITY (PROXÉMICA): special spacing and distance characteristics of interaction

8. Facing each other: great level of involvement Competition: sitting across from one another Cooperation: side-by-side, but beware of the angle of inclination! To converse: right angle

9. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION A SPEAKER’S PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARALINGUISTICS: tone of voice, pauses, accent… ARTEFACTS: jewels, perfume, clothing, mustache… ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE COMMUNICATIVE PROCESS

10. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION 3. Functions of non-verbal behavior: 1.KNOWING THE BASIC DISPOSITION OF THE PATIENT: –COOPERATION –EVASIVE –AGGRESSIVE –INDIFFERENT

11. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION COOPERATIVE ATTITUDE

12. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION EVASIVE ATTITUDE

13. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION AGGRESSIVE ATTITUDE

14. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION INDIFFERENT ATTITUDE

15. 2. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE PATIENT IS SUFFERING FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL DISCOMFORT 3. ADJUSTMENTS TO THE VERBAL MESSAGE : –SUBSTITUTION. Emblems –REPETITION. Emblems –ACCENTUATION. Illustrators and emotional expressions –COMPLIMENTING. Illustrators and emotional expressions –REGULATION. Regulators –CONTRADICTION. Provides the most information THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

16. 4. CONFIRMING THE BELIEVABILITY OF THE VERBAL MESSAGE : Lies in treatment follow-up, recommendations, adaptations to contact lenses Truthfulness: vague verbal punctuation marks

17. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION If verbal/non-verbal incongruence is detected: Make a mental note of the fact without mentioning it Verbalize the contradiction in a professional tone Ask what the incongruence means, given the fact that it is true and has a meaning

18. Emotions and changes in the non-verbal behavior of the patient a)Micromomentary expressions: muscular activities in the base primary emotions (happiness, sadness, surprise, rage, fear, dislike and interest) b)Filtrations: changes within the same sentence. Lying. Non- verbal gestures lessen (poker face) while Adaptors increase in frequency. c)Abrupt attitude changes towards the professional d)Changes during different interviews THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

19. e) Appearance of adaptors (emotional tension): Picking at the corners of eyes Picking at ears Touching the ears or nose Touching arm hair Picking at the table with fingers or a pen Playing with objects Wringing hands Tapping feet on the floor Clearing the throat THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

22. 4. Interpreting gestures Listening with the arms crossed Patient looks at him/herself when listening and talking Provocation: pupil dilation Sensation of being deceived if they aren’t looking at us: customs Wringing the hands, enlacing them: need to relax or give explanations

23. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION SINCERITY: –Open hands –Unbuttoned jacket –Sincerity provokes similar feelings in others RESERVE: –Cleaning glasses –Putting the end of the frame in the mouth –Touching the nose: negative –Crossing feet/heels

24. THEME 2: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION FRUSTRATION: –Clenching fists –Pointing with the index finger –Putting the palm on the nape of the neck CONFIDENCE: –Joining the fingers of the hands –Erect posture –Looking into other’s eyes –Less blinking