1. 1 Energy Security and Sustainable Mobility: Possible? Jatin Nathwani Professor and Ontario Research Chair in Public Policy and Sustainable Energy Management University of Waterloo Presented at the “North America- 2030 An Environmental Outlook” Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) Conference hosted by Joint Public Advisory Committee of the CEC Ottawa, June 25 th, 2008

2. Context Dependence on “liquid fuels” for transport Risk to the global environment (climate change) Lack of access to modern energy services by the world’s poor

3. Trends are relatively clear

4. Future as past?

5. Fuel Efficiency Standards: Can they deliver lower aggregate demand over the long term?

6. Low cost power to displace gasoline “green electrons as substitutes for carbon” 6

7. Diversity of Electricity Supply: Energy Security and Environmental Performance Consumer Household Commercial & Industrial Utilities Tx and Dx Community Municipal Governments Federal Provincial Industry Big auto manufacturers Auto Parts Transport and Power Infrastructure Convergence 7 Sustainable development Cleaner Air Climate Change Infrastructure Utilization Economic Benefits

8. 8 Reality Test?

9. Concluding Remarks 9 1.Historical trends away from consumption of primary fuels directly to electricity will continue 2.Pricing (or taxing) of carbon emissions will further strengthen the trend towards electrification 3.Efficiency improvements may not reduce demand or emissions 4.Convergence of the power and the transportation sectors is a promising link to enhanced energy security

10. 10 For follow up and contact information: Jatin Nathwani, PhD, P.Eng. Professor and Ontario Research Chair in Public Policy for Sustainable Energy Management Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Environment 200 University Avenue West Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1 519 888 4567 ext 38252 nathwani@uwaterloo.ca Also: Jatin.nathwani@rogers.com Blackberry: 416 735 6262