1. CSC1201: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 2 Aseel Al Hadlaq 2nd Term 2014 1

2. OBJECTIVES Programming languages Overview C++ Overview Data Types Control Statements Function 2

3. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES OVERVIEW 3

4. 4 PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGIES Structured Programming  Ex: C, Pascal, Fortran Object-Oriented Programming(OOP)  Ex: C++, Java 4

5. 5 STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING Dividing a problem into smaller sub problems. Each sub problem is solved. Combine all the sub solutions to solve the overall problem. 5

6. 6 OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 1.Identify components called objects, which form the basis of the solution.  Ex.: Suppose you want to write a program that automates the book rental process for a local book store. The two main objects in this problem are book and customer. 6

7. 7 OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 2.Determine how these objects interact with one another. Specify for each object:  Relevant data Ex: title, author, publisher, retail cost  Operations to be performed on that data. Ex: Checking the title of the book. Reducing the number of copies in stock by one after a copy is rented. 7

8. OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING This illustrates that each object consists of data and operations on that data. An object combines data and operations on the data into a single unit. In OOD, the final program is a collection of interacting objects. 8

9. 9 Allow you to organize your program more effectively  By decomposing a problem into its essential parts.  Each component becomes a self contained object that contains its own instructions and data related to that object. All object oriented programming languages have three things in common:  encapsulation  polymorphism  Inheritance. 9

10. C++ OVERVIEW 10

11. FIRST C++ PROGRAM A program can contain one or many functions Must always have a function called “main”. The main function is the starting point of all C++ programs The compiler will not compile the code unless it finds a function called “main” within the program. Function declaration: FuncType FuncName(Type arg1, Type arg2, Type argN) { function body } 11

12. “HELLO WORLD” PROGRAM #include using namespace std; int main ()‏ { cout << “Hello World\n”; Return 0; } include information from standard input/output library iostream. The instruction is more properly called a “pre-processor” instruction The # hash character starts the line to denote a pre-processor instruction Library name must be enclosed by angled brackets. 12

13. DATA TYPES 13

14. DATA TYPES 14

15. KEYWORDS They cannot be used as variables or other user-defined elements like functions 15

16. ESCAPE SEQUENCES 16 The name reflects the fact that the backslash causes an “escape” from the normal way the character is interpreted.

17. DECLARING AND INITIALIZING VARIABLES To declare variables for example  i nt first, second;  char ch;  double x;  bool flag; To declare and initialize variables for example  int first = 13, second = 10;  char ch = ‘A’;  double x = 12.6;  bool flag = true; 17

18. INPUT (READ) STATEMENT The syntax of cin together with >> is: cin >> variable>> variable; 18

19. OUTPUT The syntax of cout together with << is: cout << expression << expression; The expression is evaluated and its value is printed at the current insertion point on the output device. 19

20. EXAMPLE 20

21. WORKING WITH STRING The C++ class provides methods to manipulate strings of text. This is an example of Declaring and initializing a string variable #include using namespace std; int main( )‏ { string str = "C++ is fun”; } 21

22. CONTROL STATEMENTS NOUF ALJAFFAN (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 COURSE AT KSU 22

23. IF STATEMENT 23

24. 24 IF.. ELSE STATEMENT

25. EXAMPLE : IF..ELSE STATEMENT 25

26. SWITCH STRUCTURES 26

27. SWITCH STRUCTURES 27

28. EXAMPLE: SWITCH STRUCTURES } 28 char letter; cout << "Enter any a-z character: "; cin >> letter; switch(letter) { case 'a' : cout << "Letter \'a\' found\n"; break; case 'b' : cout << "Letter \'b\' found\n"; break; case 'c' : cout << "Letter \'c\' found\n"; break; default : cout << "Letter is not a, b or c\n"; } return 0;

29. FOR LOOP STRUCTURE  The for loop execute part of the code a fixed number of times 29

30. EXAMPLE: FOR LOOP #include using namespace std; int main() { int i,num; cout<<"enter any number: "; cin>>num; for ( i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++ )‏ { cout << endl << num << "*“ << i << "=“ << num*i << endl; } return 0; } 30

31. WHILE LOOPSTRUCTURE 31

32. EXAMPLE: WHILE LOOP 32

33. RELATIONAL OPERATORS IN C++ 33

34. LOGICAL OPERATORS IN C++ 34