1. PROTISTS AND FUNGI

2. KINGDOM PROTISTA

3. Kingdom Protista Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei).
Live in moist surroundings.
Unicellular or multicellular.
Autotrophs, heterotrophs, or both.
Some can move - others cannot.

4. Often referred to as the “junk drawer” kingdom
Broken into 3 categories:
Animal-like
Fungus-like
Plant-like

5. Animal-like Protists (Protozoans)
*Unicellular *Heterotrophs
*Groups based on movement: flagella, cilia, pseudopods and the ‘others’.

6. Protozoans with pseudopods
Pseudopods = ‘false feet’
Cell membrane pushes in one direction & the cytoplasm flows into the bulge. This allows the protozoan to move,
dragging the rest of the cell behind it.

7. Pseudopods, cont.
EXAMPLE OF HOW PSEUDOPODS MOVE
FLOW
PUSH
DRAG

8. Pseudopods, cont.
It can form 2 pseudopods to surround & trap food. Then form a food vacuole to break down food in the cytoplasm.

9. Pseudopods, cont.
Contractile vacuole - it collects extra H2O & expels it from cell
Thin cell membrane -
no definite shape.
Example of a pseudopod - Amoeba.

10. Protozoans with cilia
Cilia (hairlike structures) help organisms move, get food and sense their environment.

11. Cilia, cont. Food vacuole breaks down food and sends through cell.
Anal pore sends out waste.
Example - paramecium.

12. CILIA CONTRACTILE VACUOLE FOOD VACUOLE ORAL GROOVE FOOD VACUOLE
ANAL PORE

13. Protozoans with flagella
Organisms called zooflagellates
Use flagella to move.
Usually live inside other organisms.

14. Called sporozoans - parasites Feed on cells & body fluids of hosts
Other Protozoans
Called sporozoans - parasites
Feed on cells & body fluids of hosts
Sporozoans like Plasmodium (causes malaria) have more than 1 host: mosquitoes and then humans

15. Funguslike Protists Like animals - they are heterotrophs
Like plants - they have cell walls
Reproduce by spores (tiny cells that can grow into a new organism)
Not in fungi kingdom because they can move at one point in their lives.
An example is slime mold.

16. Plantlike Protists Better known as algae Autotrophs
Size: unicellular to very large
Contain different pigments so they come in different colors.
Euglena: special type of algae -when there is no sunlight they become heterotrophic.

17. Examples of Protists Autotrophs Heterotrophs
green algae brown algae red algae diatoms dinoflagellates euglenoids
Heterotrophs
amoeboids ciliates zooflagellates sporozoans plasmodial slime molds cellular slime molds water molds

18. KINGDOM FUNGI

19. Roles of Fungi Environmental decomposers Provide food Cause diseases
Fight diseases

20. Fungi Kingdom Eukarayotes. Heterotrophs Use spores to reproduce.
Cell walls made of chitin
Non-motile
Need warm, moist places to grow.
Saprobes – live on dead organisms
Examples: yeast, molds and mushrooms.

21. Fungi -Obtaining food use a structure called hyphae to get their food.
Except for yeast which are unicellular.
Hyphae: threadlike tubes. Shape of fungi depends on how hyphae used.
AND...

22. Grows hyphae into food
Hyphae secrete digestive chemicals into food
Hyphae absorb
nutrients

23. produce spores with a protective covering: carried by water and air.
Reproduction in Fungi
produce spores with a protective covering: carried by water and air.
spores land in a warm, moist place they grow.
AND...

24. Reproduction in Fungi, cont.
When very moist, fungi reproduce asexually by releasing the spores.
When conditions are poor, they reproduce sexually, making new spores that are different from both parents.

25. Since yeast is unicellular, they reproduce by budding
Since yeast is unicellular, they reproduce by budding. A well fed cell grows from the body of the mother cell and breaks off from the mother.

26. Four classifications of Fungi
Threadlike - produce spores in their threadlike hyphae (ex. Bread mold)
Sac - produce spores in structures that look like sacs (ex. Yeast, lichen)

27. Club - produce spores in structures that look like clubs (ex
Club - produce spores in structures that look like clubs (ex. Mushrooms)
Imperfect - those that cannot reproduce sexually, cause the most fungal diseases (ex. Penicillin, ringworm, athletes’ foot)

28. Ticket Out
Draw a venn diagram comparing and contrasting protists to fungi.
You need to have at least 3 points in each category.