1. Exploring Mendelian Genetics 11-3 http://www.eslkidstuff.com/images/tallshort.gif http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/genetics%20tutorial.htm

2. GENES are more complicated than Mendel thought ____________________________ the ________________________. = ________________________ Genes ________ the ______ for development, but how plan unfolds also _______ on ______________conditions.

3. GENES are more complicated than Mendel thought Some traits have ____________ allele __________ = ____________________ EX: blood type Allele choices ___ ___ ___

4. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought Some traits are determined by ____________________________ = __________________ EX: human height. intelligence, skin & eye color http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG

5. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought Traits determined by ____________ _________ have _____ “___________” phenotypes http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm There aren’t just SMART people and DUMB people…. there is a ________________ of intelligences in-between

6. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought KINDS OF DOMINANCE ____________________

7. COMPLETE DOMINANCE __________ allele _______ the ___________ one PATTERN ? ____________ allele ________ in a _____ratio in the ____ generation http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html

8. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE __________ expected _____ ratio in F 2 generation _____________ organisms with one dominant and one recessive allele show a _________ in-between trait Image modified from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html

9. CO-DOMINANCE _______ traits are expressed at ___________ (____________________) in heterozygote A ________HORSE has ______________ hair and __________ hair side by side

10. CO-DOMINANCE Both traits are expressed together (NO BLENDING) in heterozygote Persons with an A allele AND a B allele have blood type AB

11. Membrane proteins with _______ attached that help cells recognize self = ______________ http://www.mannanw.com/super-sugars.htm REMEMBER

12. BLOOD TYPES have more than 2 allele choices = _________________________ The pattern of sugars that is attached is determined by genes Allele choices are: _____________

13. BLOOD TYPES An A allele tells the cell to put “A” glycoproteins on its surface

14. BLOOD TYPES A B allele tells the cell to put a different “B” glycoprotein on its surface

15. BLOOD TYPES An O allele tells the cell NOT to put anything on the surface

16. A and B are CO-DOMINANT A cell with BOTH an A and a B allele has BOTH “A” and “B” glycoproteins on its surface

17. BLOOD TYPES & ALLELES GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE (BLOOD TYPE) AA AO BB BO OO AB

18. B and O see A as Different! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg A and AB see A as “like me” DONOR BLOOD

19. A and O see B as Different! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg B and AB see B as “like me” DONOR BLOOD

20. Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! ____ can donate to EVERY BLOOD TYPE = _____________________ Nothing on surface to recognize as “NOT SELF” DONOR BLOOD

21. A, B, and O see AB as Different! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg Only AB sees AB as “like me” DONOR BLOOD

22. Body image modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg ______ can RECEIVE FROM EVERY BLOOD TYPE = ________________________ AB can only GIVE to AB BUT...

23. BLOOD TYPE FREQUENCY IN USA http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/BldTyping.html A40% B10% AB4% O46%

24. ABO SYSTEM is NOT THE ONLY ONE Rh + Rh -

25. MOM is _____ & BABY is ____ OTHER BLOOD TYPES ____________________ IF: Image modified from: http://www.wsd1.org/lessonplans/images/Body.gif MOM is _____ & BABY is _____

26. Can be a ___________ IF: Mom is _____ Baby is _____ Image modified from: http://www.wsd1.org/lessonplans/images/Body.gif 1 st baby OK but few baby cells entering mom’s bloodstream put mom’s immune system on alert for + cells. Next + baby, mom’s immune system can attack baby as it is growing Mom given shot after 1 st birth prevents this

27. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism = _________________ All other chromosomes = _________________ Humans have two sex chromosomes and _____ autosomes http://www.angelbabygifts.com/

28. SEX DETERMINATION XX = Xy =

29. Who decides? Mom can give X Dad can give X or y SO _____ determines sex of the baby. If dad gives X with mom’s X = girl If dad give y with mom’s X = boy X X X y

30. HEMOPHILIA CAUSE: Mutation in genes for __________________ carried ______ chromosome Blood clotting proteins are missing so person with this disorder can’t stop bleeding when injured; can ________________ from minor cuts or suffer internal bleeding from bruises or bumps.

31. HEMOPHILIA Treatment: Need ____________ of normal clotting proteins to stop bleeding _____________ in ______ because it is X-linked, but females with ______ recessive hemophilia alleles will also show the trait. 1 in 10,000 males has hemophilia

32. COLORBLINDNESS CAUSE: Mutation in one of three genes for _______________ carried on X chromosome Persons with this disorder have trouble distinguishing colors. _________________ colorblindness is most common Seen in 1 in 10 males 1 in 100 females http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/peripherals/samsung-develops-lcd-for-colorblind-036306.php

33. Males ONLY HAVE ONE X They either have the disorder DEFECTIVE NORMAL They are normal Or

34. FEMALES HAVE TWO X CHROMOSOMES Females have one normal gene that works. NORMALDEFECTIVE Females __________ defective recessive alleles to show the disorder

35. The X chromosome in males... flies WITHOUT a copilot!... there’s NO BACK UP X to help them!

36. X-linked cross Dad is not colorblind Mom is colorblind What is the probability of having a colorblind boy? What is the probability of having a colorblind girl? XbXb XbXb XBXB y

37. Girls with this genotype: X B X b don’t show the COLORBLIND trait They have a “backup” X. BUT.... They can pass the gene onto their offspring.

38. http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc460/spring/rlm/RLM36.1.html A heterozygous person who carries a recessive allele for a genetic disorder, but ________ show the trait themselves is called a _____________