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Domains of Organisms Domain—highest taxonomic ranking, higher than kingdom 3 domains Archaea—ancient bacteria Eubacteria—”true” bacteria Eukaryotes—organisms whose cells contain nuclei
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Kingdoms of Organisms Kingdom—taxon of similar phyla, distinguished by differences in cellular structures and methods of obtaining energy 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plants Animalia
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Kingdom Archaebacteria
Ancient bacteria that live in harsh/ extreme environments Prokaryotic Unicellular & Microscopic Some autotrophs / some heterotrophs Oldest fossils = 3.5 billion yrs / fewer than 100 species Halococcus – salt-loving bacteria
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Kingdom Eubacteria Modern bacteria that be found nearly everywhere
Prokaryotic Unicellular & Microscopic Some autotrophs / some heterotrophs Oldest fossils = 3.5 billion yrs / 10,000+ species Streptococcus – causes strep throat
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Kingdom Protista Organisms that lack complex organ systems and live in moist environments Eukaryotic Unicellular or Multicellular Some autotrophs / some heterotrophs Slime molds / Paramecium / Kelp
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Kingdom Fungi Organisms that absorb nutrients from organic materials, usually cannot move Eukaryotic Unicellular or Multicellular Heterotrophs Oldest fossils = 400 million yrs / 100,000 known species Mushrooms
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Kingdom Plantae Photosynthetic organisms with cells organized into systems, can’t move Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophs (some heterotrophs as well) Oldest fossils = 400 million yrs 500,000 known species Trees
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Kingdom Animalia Heterotrophic organisms with cells organized into organ systems, mobile Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophs Oldest fossils = 600 million yrs 3 million known species Insects, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals
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Evolutionary History Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a species
If species share a common ancestor, they share an evolutionary history Cladistics: a biological classification system based on phylogeny Cladogram: branching diagram that shows the phylogeny of a species. Shows probable evolutionary history, not direct ancestry
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Cladograms Groups that are closer share a more recent common ancestor b/c the share a more recently evolved trait Type of Plants Vascular Tissue Seeds Flowers Mosses No Ferns Yes Confers Flowering Plants
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Cladograms Trait Mammals Reptiles Amphibians Bony Fishes Four legs Yes
No Amniotic Egg Hair
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