1. Eddie Rickenbacker-Famous fighter pilot of World War I.

2.  Before WWI – 200,000 men were in military service when war was declared. Needed to make an Army.  Raising an Army ◦ Selective Service Act – Law enacted in 1917 that required men to register for military service ◦ 24 million men registered, 3 million were called up, 2 million reached Europe ◦ Eight month training period took place partly in the United states and partly in Europe.

3.  Raising an Army ◦ 400,000 African American soldiers served ◦ Served in segregated units and were excluded from the Navy and Marines ◦ Most were assigned to noncombat duties ◦ Women were not allowed to enlist ◦ What else does an Army need?

4.  Mass Production ◦ How to transport men, food and equipment over thousands of miles of ocean ◦ First – many shipyard workers were exempt from the draft ◦ Second – U.S. Chamber of Commerce joined in a public relations campaign to emphasize the importance of shipyard work. ◦ Third – shipyards used fabrications techniques instead of building and entire ship in the yard. (like and assembly line) ◦ Fourth – Government took over commercial and private ships and converted them for transatlantic war use

5.  German U-Boats still pose a problem  Convoy System – The protection of merchant ships from U-Boat attacks by having the ships travel in large groups escorted by warships  U.S. Navy helped lay a 230 mile barrier of mines across the North Sea from Scotland to Norway.  Significantly decreased the U-Boat threat – Germans had a tough time replacing their losses

6.  After two and half years of fighting the Allied forces were exhausted and demoralized.  Two main contributions by American Troops were freshness and enthusiasm

7.  American Expeditionary Force led by General John J. Pershing.  New Weapons ◦ Tanks ◦ More efficient Machine Guns ◦ Airplanes ◦ Flame Thrower ◦ Poison Gas ◦ Anti-Aircraft guns

8.  War Introduces New Hazards ◦ New weapons and tactics of WWI led to horrific injuries and hazards. Fighting was surrounded by filth, lice, rats, and polluted water that caused dysentery.  Trench Foot  Poison Gas  Minimal Medical Care

9.  May 1917 Germans are 50 Miles from Paris. Americans arrived just in time to help stop the German advance.  American War Hero – Alvin York – Page 592  Conscientious objector – person who refuses, on moral grounds, to participate in warfare

10.  The collapse of Germany ◦ November 3, 1918 Austria-Hungary surrendered to the Allies. German munity started. No major battle ended the war but the fact that German soldiers were exhausted. ◦ Armistice – End of the war – Peace Eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, in the eleventh month of 1918 ◦ Final Toll  22 million deaths – more than half of them civilians  20 million wounded  10 million become refugees  338 billion dollar price tag (roughly)  United States  48,000 lost in battle  62,000 to disease  200,000 wounded