1. By Kelsey Matthews

2. Purpose  Diagnostics- take images, samples, biopsies Diagnosis of conditions like stomach ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, internal bleeding and cancer.  Surgery- simple surgeries and cuts inside the body

3. Early History  1806- long rigid tube, light on the end to illuminate a body cavity or organ  1945- brighter light to add enough visibility for image documentation  1960s- fiber optics introduced, images transmitted, more flexible, steerable end  1986- the magnification and projection of images onto television screens

4. Current State of Art  a long, flexible tube,  a fiber optic light  a camera lens  another channel that can be used for other medical instruments if necessary

6. State of art cont.  Entrance: anus, the throat, the urethra, or a small incision in the skin  15-60 minutes long  Outpatient procedure

7. Advantages  Short recovery time, little to no post-op pain  More precision for surgeon  Little blood, no need for stitches

8. Disadvantages  Slight chance for perforations and other damage to organs  Possibility of infection at sight of incision or along path of endoscope

9. Future  Disposable endoscope  Capsule endoscope  3D endoscopy for imaging and measurements

10. Bibliography  The Better Health Channel.  Wikipedia: Endoscopy.  Medical News Today <http://www.medical newstoday.com/articles/153737.php>  Roberts-Thomson IC, Singh R, Teo E, Nguyen NQ, Lidums I. The future of endoscopy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010  Hart R, Classen M. Complications of diagnostic gastrointestinal endoscopy. PubMed. 1990, 22(5):229-233