1. Urinary Tract System
Bladder Cancer

2. Bladder Cancer What are some types of bladder cancer?
Transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma

3. Bladder Cancer What causes bladder cancer?
There is not really a know reason as to what the causes are, but the following are some risk factors:
Cigarette smoking
Occupational exposure
Chronic bladder irritation
Age
Gender
Race
Personal history
Family history
&
Parasite infections

4. Bladder Cancer What are some symptoms? Visible blood in the urine
Hematuria - the presence of microscopic red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine.
Painful urination
Urgency - frequently feeling the need to urinate without results.
Frequent urination
Pelvic or flank pain

5. Bladder Cancer How is bladder cancer determined?
Rectal or vaginal examination
Cystoscopy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
Lab tests
Bladder tumor marker studies
Ultrasound
Computed tomography scan

6. Bladder Cancer What are the stages of bladder cancer? Stage O Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV

7. Bladder Cancer Treatments? Surgery Radiation therapy Chemotherapy
Biological therapy
Clinical trials

8. Bladder Cancer Are there ways to try to prevent bladder cancer?
Don’t smoke
Don’t play with chemicals
Drink plenty of liquids

9.
Sarah E. Whitcomb