1. Our Globe © Karen Devine 2010 What are latitude and longitude? TimeClimate

2. What is Latitude? ► Lines of latitude are imaginary lines drawn on a map from east to west. ► These lines (when combined with lines of longitude) are used to assist in finding the exact location of a place. © Karen Devine 2010

3. What is Latitude? ► Lines of latitude are known as parallels of latitude. ► Parallels of latitude divide the earth into the: a) Northern hemisphere b) Southern Hemisphere. © Karen Devine 2010

4. What is Latitude? ► The key parallels of latitude are: a) The Arctic Circle (60° 32´ N) b) Tropic of Cancer (23° 27´ N) c) Equator (0° ) d) Tropic of Capricorn (23° 27´ S) e) Antarctic Circle (66° 33´ S) © Karen Devine 2010

5. What is Longitude? ► Lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on a globe from north to south. ► Lines of longitude are known as meridians of longitude. © Karen Devine 2010

6. What is Longitude? ► One of the key meridians of longitude is known as the Prime Meridian which runs through Greenwich in England. (51°N 0°E) ► Another is the International Date Line. © Karen Devine 2010

7. What is Longitude? ► Lines of longitude divide the globe into the: a) eastern hemisphere b) western hemisphere. © Karen Devine 2010

8. What is Longitude? ► When lines of latitude and longitude are combined they form grid lines which intersect. ► Grid lines are used to locate any point on the earth’s surface. © Karen Devine 2010

9. What is Longitude? ► The divisions of the earth into latitude and longitude are known as degrees (°) which can further be divided into seconds (´). © Karen Devine 2010

10. Time ► The earth turns on its axis and spins 15°each hour. ► It takes 24 hours to turn 360°. © Karen Devine 2010

11. Time ► The earth is divided into 24 time zones (for every 15° of longitude). ► One of the time zones is known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and when the sun is directly over the prime meridian it is 12 midnight. © Karen Devine 2010

12. Time ► Humans sometimes adjust the time zones to reflect international borders or boundaries. © Karen Devine 2010

13. Time ► The international date line (180°) is a line of longitude in which: a) time changes 1 hour b) the day changes 1 day (Eg: travelling E to W a person loses 1 day). © Karen Devine 2010

14. Climate ► Climate is a long term variation in the weather for an area. ► There are 3 main influences on climate: a) latitude b) altitude c) distance from the sea. © Karen Devine 2010

15. Climate ► The warmest places on the planet are around the tropics and the equator. ► This is due to the concentration of insolation in these areas. © Karen Devine 2010

16. Climate ► The coldest places are around the polar zones. ► This is because the insolation is spread more widely over the earth’s curved surface. © Karen Devine 2010

17. Climate ► Temperatures usually decline with altitude as well and this is called the lapse rate. ► The lapse rate is between 1 and 2° C per 300 metres of altitude. © Karen Devine 2010

18. Climate ► The planet can be divided into 3 main climatic zones. These are: a) The tropics: areas around the equator which are hot and wet. b) The polar regions: areas around the poles which are cold and dry. c) The temperate zones: areas located between the poles and the equator which generally experience seasonal variations. © Karen Devine 2010