1. Detailed Equipment Design
Objective:
Attention to Details

2. How Many Units to Design? One
The More Complex of the Two Short-Cut Designs
Examples
Reactor
Distillation Column
Absorption Column
Dryer

3. Format for Detailed Design
Unit summary - including operating conditions, production rate etc.
Mention key design concerns
List major assumptions with proper references/justifications

4. Format for Detailed Design (Cont’d)
Present design calculations
Improve upon shortcut design wherever possible
Design internals in more details (agitators, trays, distributors, heat transfer surface etc.)
Select material of construction and calculate wall thickness

5. Format for Detailed Design (Cont’d)
Draw detailed drawing of the equipment with internals
Discuss proposed instrumentation and control for the unit including safety device
Show proposed instrumentation and control schemes on a separate drawing
Prepare a specification sheet

6. Main Reactor Types
Fixed bed
Fluidized bed
Slurry bed
Stirred Tank

7. Gas Distributor (A Common Internal)
Main Types
Ring sparger
Perforated Plate
Perforated pipe

8. Gas Distributors (Cont’d)
Important Design Considerations
Uniform flow through distributor orifices
Low pressure drop while avoiding channeling
Avoid plugging due to solid particles
Avoid gas jets impingement on vessel walls – can lead to pitting

9. Uniform Flow Through Sparger Orifices
Criteria:
(1)
(2)

10. Uniform Flow Through Orifices
Orifice pressure Drop:

11. Example of Detailed Design in Guide Book Page 80-86
Example of Gas Distributor Design on
Page 77-79