1. “A B OLD F OREIGN P OLICY ” Chapter 12 section 3

2. I MPROVING R ELATIONS W ITH B RITAIN President James Monroe (5 th POTUS) and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams improved relations with Britain. In the Convention of 1818, the boundary between Canada and the Louisiana Purchase was fixed. Britain and the United States also agreed to share Oregon Country. Canada however, decided to discourage American immigration. Immigration- the movement of people from one country to another

3. P ROBLEMS IN S PANISH F LORIDA The United States also sent forces under General Andrew Jackson into Florida to stop raids by Seminole Indians. Spain protested the decision, but Adams told Spain to control Florida or get out. Georgia farmers complained about raids by Seminole Indians and escaped slaves that live with the Seminoles in Florida Jackson went to Florida with 3,000 troops. Jackson destroyed Seminole villages and executed two chiefs. He went beyond his orders and took over two Spanish military posts. Spain was furious and demanded Jackson be punished.

4. A DAMS –O NIS T REATY 1819 Spain was having trouble with its Latin American colonies as well as in Florida, so they decided to get out. In the 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain ceded Florida to the United States and gave up its claim on the Oregon Country. (Spain did receive 5 million dollars as compensation for Florida)

5. M EXICAN I NDEPENDENCE In Mexico the drive for independence was inspired by a priest named Miguel Hidalgo. Hidalgo was put to death by the Spanish, but he made a speech that touched off a revolution that lasted 10 years. In 1821, Mexico won its independence. Three years later it became a republic with an elected President.

6. M IGUEL HIDALGO Mexican Priest Miguel Hidalgo- executed by the Spanish

7. I NDEPENDENCE IN SOUTH AMERICA Two leaders freed South America from Spanish rule. In 1810, a Venezuelan General, Simon Bolivar launched a revolution in northern South America. By 1819, Simon Bolivar had liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, and part of Peru.

8. S IMON B OLIVAR “E L L IBERATADOR ” Venezuelan General- liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, and a part of Peru.

9. I NDEPENDENCE IN S OUTH A MERICA An Argentine General, Jose de San Martin, led the struggle for independence from Spain in southern South America. After freeing Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay, San Martin drove Spain out of Chile. The liberation of South America from Spanish rule was completed in 1824.

10. J OSE DE S AN M ARTIN An Argentine General he liberated Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Chile.

11. M ONROE D OCTRINE France and Russia talked of helping Spain regain its colonies. As a result, in 1823, President Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine. It warned Europe not to colonize or interfere with the new Latin American nations.