1. William

2. Operational Amplifier (op amp)

3. Drawing Circuit Diagrams Inverting Amplifiers – Negative potential is higher than Positive Potential Non-Inverting Amplifiers – Positive potential is higher than Negative a

4. Derivation of Non-Inverting op amp gain

5. Derivation of Inverting op amp gain

6. Use of op amps as COMPARATORS Comparators Compare …. Two potentials Higher Positive potential makes output voltage +9V. Higher Negative potential makes output voltage -9V. Possible uses: FIRE ALARMS

7. Schmitt Trigger Has two thresholds: upper and lower V-output is switched to a higher/lower value once these threshold V-input is reached. Reshapes Digital signals, Removes Noise: Hysteresis: Comparator remembers what its previous state was. Voltages between thresholds if going down +9V, if going up -9V

8. Problems