1. CRUSTAL DEFORMATION BREAKOUT Key Scientific Questions  How do magmatic systems evolve and how can we improve eruption forecasting?  How can we quantify and understand the processes that lead to temporal and spatial variations of strain accumulation and release on earthquake-prone faults?

2. Key Scientific Question # 1  How do magmatic systems evolve and how can we improve eruption forecasting? » How does magma ascend from the source region to mid- and upper-crustal reservoirs? » What processes control the further ascent of magma (and magmatic fluids) to the Earth’s surface? » How quickly does magma migrate, and what does this tell us about composition and temperature? » How common is magmatic fluid migration without concomitant eruption and how can we distinguish between intrusion events from those that result in eruption? » In particular, how can we predict the eruption of explosive strato-volcanoes? » How are earthquake faulting and magmatism inter-related? » What processes cause/trigger flank instabilities? Are they related to eruption?

3. Key Scientific Question # 2  How can we quantify and understand the processes that lead to temporal and spatial variations of strain accumulation and release on earthquake-prone faults? » What mechanisms control the occurrence of transient and steady-state aseismic fault slip? » What processes generate post-seismic deformation and what accounts for its variability in differing tectonic regimes? » What stress transfer processes are important in triggering seismic activity? Are long- range interactions important? » Are there precursory deformation phenomena and can they be detected with InSAR observations? » How can we use better InSAR constraints on static earthquake slip to improve our understanding of rupture dynamics? » What is the role of inelastic permanent strain (geology) vs elastic strain? » What is the nature, temporal evolution, and distribution of aseismic strain in the lithosphere?

4. Importance of Serendipitous Discovery  Discovery aspect of space missions frequently used in justifying planetary exploration  Well-illustrated by the history of InSAR where most spectacular results could not have been anticipated before launch of SAR missions. Examples from crustal dynamics include: »Visual (and scientific!) impact of interferograms of a wide range of deformation processes, including: earthquakes, postseismic transients, magmatic unrest, and regional ground subsidence »Role of poroelastic processes »Discovery of off-fault coseismic strain »Non-eruptive migration of magma and/or magmatic fluids »Locating small earthquakes with ~1 km accuracy (CTBT/tectonics)

5. Matching Science Goals to InSAR Data/Products  Guiding Principles: - Emphasize goals that take advantage of unique capabilities of InSAR---its ~complete spatial coverage at ~1-100 km scale (e.g. volcanic systems goals) - Importance of integration with complementary data/techniques (CGPS, seismology, volcanology….) - Importance of data archives & long-term continuity of data acquisition  Existing/Planned Systems (Dual strategy): »Intensively image natural labs (areas with excellent ancillary nets & data) »Image synoptically in many of the world’s blind spots to build up case histories, maximize potential for major serendipitous discoveries, and to help define new natural labs.  New Missions/Capabilities: »ECHO-like mission: science goals that depend on large data volume, 3D imaging, L- band targets »Maximize temporal sampling density over active tectonic regions »Add to ECHO: ScanSAR capability for more frequent, lower resolution monitoring of broad regions »Nearer to real-time data acquisition/transfer--hazards applications