1. Core 1

2. -the center of the Earth 2

3. Mantle 3

4. the middle of the Earth made up of molten (melted) rock 4

5. Crust 5

6. the surface layer of the Earth that includes the continents and oceans 6

7. Continental Drift 7

8. -the theory of how Earth’s continents move over its surface 8

9. Plate Tectonics 9

10. -the theory of how the continents move on giant crustal plates over the mantle of the Earth 10

11. Earthquake 11

12. -a sudden movement of the Earth’s crust 12

13. Landform 13

14. -a natural feature of the surface of the Earth that has a particular shape 14

15. Mountain 15

16. -a landform caused by the uplift of the Earth’s crust; created when two crustal plates press against each other; this landform can also be caused by volcanoes 16

17. Growth 17

18. -creation of new landforms (by crustal movements, harden lava flow and/or deposition of sediments) 18

19. Flow 19

20. -movement of material (such as lava, mud or water/ice) 20

21. Constructive Forces 21

22. -actions that build up or construct landforms 22

23. Destructive Forces 23

24. -actions that wear down or destroy landforms 24

25. Volcano 25

26. -an opening in the Earth’s crust through which lava, ash and gases flow 26

27. Magma 27

28. -the melted rock under Earth’s surface; magma flows in the mantle 28

29. Lava 29

30. -melted rock flowing on the surface of the Earth, usually from volcanoes 30

31. Weathering 31

32. -the process of breaking rock into soil, sand and other tiny pieces 32

33. Erosion 33

34. -the process of moving sediments from one place to another 34

35. Deposition 35

36. -the process of dropping (depositing) sediment in a new location 36

37. Beach 37

38. -gently sloping shore next to a body of water, washed by waves or tides, often covered by sand and pebbles. 38

39. Dune 39

40. -a mound, hill or ridge of wind- blown sand 40

41. Glacier 41

42. -a large river of ice that moves very slowly; will create a u shaped valley between mountains 42

43. Valley 43

44. -a low area between hills and mountains; v-shaped valleys are formed by rivers; u-shaped are formed by glaciers 44

45. Plain 45

46. -a nearly level area that has been eroded or where material has been deposited 46

47. Plateau 47

48. -a nearly level area that has been uplifted 48

49. Flood 49

50. -when water get higher than normal and flows onto dry land 50

51. Floodplain 51

52. -the land that gets covered by water from a stream or river during a flood 52

53. Canyon 53

54. -a long, narrow, deep valley with steep walls that is formed by running water cutting into the Earth 54

55. Meander 55

56. -a curve or loop in a river 56

57. Delta 57

58. -a fan shaped deposit at the mouth of a river 58

59. Groundcover 59

60. -small plants that grow on the forest floor or in a field (mosses, ferns and grasses) 60

61. Sediments 61

62. -pieces of rock or earth that have been broken down by weathering 62

63. Sedimentary Rock 63

64. -rock formed by the deposit of sediments that undergo pressure over time 64

65. Fossils 65

66. -a trace of a plant or animal from long ago (millions of years) that is embedded in the Earth’s crust. 66

67. Soil 67

68. -the top layer of the Earth’s surface that is made of rocks, minerals and plant material 68

69. Bedrock 69

70. -the rock layer that is under the soil 70

71. Topsoil 71

72. -the upper, dark soil where plants grow 72

73. Humus 73

74. -the decomposing remains of dead plants and animals 74

75. Natural Resources 75

76. -materials found in the environment that are not manmade 76

77. Renewable Resource 77

78. -a resource that CAN be replaced in a short amount of time examples: plants, animals, water, oxygen, soil, wind, ocean tides) 78

79. Nonrenewable Resources 79

80. -a resource that CANNOT be replaced in short time examples: oil, natural gas, coal, minerals, rock 80

81. Recycle 81

82. 82 -to reprocess discarded material (aluminum cans, plastic, paper) to form new products

83. Fossil Fuels 83

84. 84 materials formed from decayed remains of ancient plants and animals that are burned to produce heat; coal, oil, and natural gas