1. Stage in Field Development
Session 2
Stage in Field Development

2. Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Reserves
Liquid Hydrocarbons
Crude Oil, N
Natural Gas Liquids, NGL
Condensate, CL
Gasoline, CLg
Liquefied Petroleum Gases, CLp (LPG)

3. Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Reserves
Natural Gas
Nonassociated Gas, G
Associated Gas, Ga
Dissolved Gas, Gd
Injected Gas, Gi

4. Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Reserves
Fig. 1 - Fluid Hydrocarbon Classification

5. Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Reserves
Oil Reserves Classification
Recovery possibilities
Degree of proof
Development and producing status
Energy source
Primary reserves
Secondary reserves
Tertiary reserves

6. Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Reserves
Fig. 2 - Oil Reserves Classification and EOR Target and Path

7. Producing Reserves Oil Recovery Methods Primary Recovery Methods
Improved Recovery Methods
Conventional methods (secondary methods)
Enhanced oil recovery methods (tertiary methods)
from research and lab experiment, which can improve the possible reserves,
through field pilot tests, which can increase the probable reserves,
to proved and producing reserves when the commercial development of the reservoir under one of the EOR methods is in place.

8. Fig. 3 - Primary and Improved Recovery Methods

9. Primary Recovery Factor
Water Drive
RF mencapai 50%
Well Head
oil
RESERVOIR
water

10. oil Solution Gas Drive Well Head RESERVOIR RF mencapai 15%-25%
Gas terlarut
oil
Gas terlarut
Gas terlarut
Gas terlarut
RESERVOIR
Gas terlarut
Gas terlarut
Gas terlarut
Gas terlarut

11. Gas Cap Drive
RF mencapai ……. %
Well Head
Free Gas
RESERVOIR
oil

12. Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods
Producing Reserves
Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods
improve sweep efficiency by reducing the mobility ratio between injected and in-place fluids,
eliminate or reduce the capillary and interfacial forces and thus improve displacement efficiency, and
act on both phenomenon simultaneously.
Chemical Methods
Miscible Methods
Thermal Methods

13. Table 1 – Methods and Enhanced Recovery

14. Producing Reserves Oil Recovery Factor 5-10%
Tight oil reservoirs, slightly fractured or heavy oil reservoirs
10-25%
Oil reservoirs produced mainly by solution gas drive
25-40%
Oil reservoirs producing under partial water drive, gas injection, or gravity drainage
40-55%
Oil reservoirs produced by conventional waterflood

15. Producing Reserves
Table 2 – Conventional and EOR Methods Efficiency (ER)