1. The Birmingham Campaign (1963) Police Chief Bull Connor After a # of defeats, the Movement was looking for a victory Perhaps the most segregated city in the U.S. Known as “Bombingham” Fred Shuttlesworth 16 th Street Baptist Church For a year Shuttles- worth & others had led a series of sit-ins, marches, pray-ins, boycotts, voter regi- stration drives

2. Controversial move—recruited children to protest “Children face the stinging darts of segre- gation as well as adults” Martin Luther King came to town to support the campaign The campaign did not seem to be getting anywhere Dr. King & 50 others arrested on Good Friday (King’s 13 th arrest) Writes Letter from Birmingham Jail— eloquently explains the need for the civil disobedience campaign

3. 1 st day 600 children arrested—now there were 1200 people in jail (capacity of 900) Next day Bull Connor sets upon the protesters with attack dogs & clubs

4. 25:45-42:30 The next day, Bull Connor orders the fire department to drive away protesters with powerful water hoses People around the country watched and were outraged; public opinion swung in favor of the protesters John F. Kennedy sends civil rights bill to Congress

5. March on Washington, Aug. 1963 250,000 people peace- fully demonstrate to pressure Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act Starting at 40:25

6. Civil Rights Act of 1964 Passed Ended discrimination in hotels, motels, restaurants, lunch counters, theaters and sporting arenas Gave the federal government responsibility for bringing discrimination cases to court—now the govt. would sue on people’s behalf