1. Today: More Tools for Analysis Week 3, Lesson 9 Wednesday, September 23, 1998 Dr. Vincent Duffy - IEEM http://www-ieem.ust.hk/dfaculty/duffy/111 email: vduffy@ust.hk SOSC 111 - Science, Technology and Society 1

2. administrative v Videos on reserve (media reserves LG1) v Friday - finding uses for non-usable materials v ask questions about homework v last day to finish/update ‘a’ or ‘h’ grades by turning in written sheets v Monday 28th - no lecture v Wednesday 30th - report due, oral presentations v Friday 2nd - holiday v Monday 5th - sustainable development v Wednesday 7th - review v Friday 9th - evening exam (no lecture) 17

3. Overview n More Tools for Analysis u Social Lag u Technological Interdependence u Complimentary Technologies 2

4. Social Lag n Q.1 What is Social Lag - u introduction of new technology causes disruption (change). It takes time for society to adjust. n What is the meaning of lag time? u time between adoption of the technology u and adaption to it. n Q.1 Can you give an example of social lag? 3

5. Society 4

6. Elements of Society Environment Countries Technologies Businesses Communities 5

7. Social Frameworks Customs Politics Laws Values Procedures Family Religion 6

8. The Complete Picture Customs Politics Laws Values Procedures Family Religion Environment Countries Technologies Businesses Communities What does this represent? The Elements and Frameworks Integrated 7

9. Society at Year 0 - of entry of a new technology A New Technology 8

10. Society at Year 1 - after entry of a new technology A New Technology Business Intellectual Property - Laws 9

11. The Complete Picture Customs Politics Laws Values Procedures Family Religion Environment Countries Technologies Businesses Communities What does this represent? The Elements and Frameworks Integrated 7

12. Social Frameworks Customs Politics Laws Values Procedures Family Religion 6

13. Society at Year 10+ after entry of a new technology A New Technology 10

14. Example n Internet u begun as a US Defense Research Project u 30 years ago u grew in bits and pieces u into a system of interconnected networks u with no centralized authority (or controlling company, just technical/engineering expertise) u social lag - in the last 5 years became more public with little regard to political frameworks 11

15. n What are the implications (effects)? u the presence of the internet is very troubling to many countries u why? F some people feel (including some political entities) that everyone should not have access to some info F since it is intentionally decentralized, it is difficult to control illegal activites u what can/and sometimes is done? F censor, monitor transmissions u recently China and Singapore have led Asian efforts to impose centralized control mechanisms 12

16. Technological Interdependence n Q.2. Can you give an example of technological interdependence? u What would happen if you put a computer in the world 1000 years ago? n Technologies depend on other technologies for their use. n example u automobile u part of a system

17. n includes roads and bridges n traffic signals, signs n petroleum production and distribution n manufacturing and repair u steel production, chemical production u machine tools n what about repair? u what does it require? Just technology?

18. n also requires knowledge n for u roads and bridges - Civil engineering u traffic signals - Transportation engineering u petroleum production - Chemical engineering u manufacturing - Mechanical and Industrial u engine control - EEE and CS n Q.2 cont. What would happen if you tried to use it 1000 years ago? And computer?

19. Complimentary Technologies n Technologies that can be used with each other u but do not require one another u often used in combination u but can exist along u full benefits of a technology realized with use of another n Q.3. Can you give an example of complimentary technologies? u What would happen if you doubled the trains in Choi Hung.

20. n Q.3. Can you give an example of complimentary technologies? u What would happen if you doubled the trains in Choi Hung. u Would we service twice as many people? u Would we just have twice as long a line for buses at the Choi Hung MTR Station? n example u MTR and Kowloon Motor Bus Company F they can operate completely independently F the technology of one doesn’t require the other F together they complement (enhance) the other