1. Speed and Acceleration Motion

2. Speed and Acceleration
What is time?
A particular moment (EX: 3:30 pm) or an interval of time (EX: the race lasted 30 minutes)
Measured in hours, minutes, days years
Scientists measure in seconds
Must have a number and a unit
Time measurements
How many seconds are in a minute?
How many minutes are in an hour?
How many hours are in a day?
How many days are in a year?
How many year are in a century?

3. What is distance? How far it is from one point to another
Motion and Position
Position –location of an object
A reference point is needed to determine the position of an object
Motion occurs when an object changes its position relative to a reference point. Therefore, movement is compared to a reference point
Are you moving now? Compared to what?
A frame of reference is a coordinate system in which the position of the object is measured.

4. Distance
An important part of describing the motion of an object is to determine the distance in which an object has moved.
Distance is a measure of how far it is from one point to another, how far something has moved.
Measured in units of length
English system = inches, feet and miles
Metric system (SI units)= Millimeters, centimeters, meters and kilometers
1 m = 100 cm: 1 kilometer = 1000m

5. What SI unit would you use?
What unit would you use to measure the distance home?
What unit would you use to measure your height?
What unit would you use to measure your hand span?
What unit would you use to measure the width of your pencil lead?

6. Displacement
Displacement is the distance and direction of an objects change in position from the starting point.
Quick Question: How are distance and displacement different?

7. Speed
Speed is the distance an object travels per unit of time. A measure of how quickly an object moves from one place to another. It is the rate at which distance is traveled or rate of change in position. Objects that are not moving are said to have a speed of 0 m/s.
Any change over time is called rate.
Speed is the rate at which distance is traveled or the rate of change in position  

8. Calculating Speed
You need the distance traveled and the time taken to travel that distance
Speed (S or V) = distance(d)/time(t)
Units for Speed
Speed = Meter per sec (m/s), Miles per hour (mi/hr), inches/second
Distance = meters (m), kilometer (km), miles (mi)
Time = seconds (s), hours (hr)

9. Speed Triangle
S = speed
D = distance
T = time

10. Practice Problem: Calculating Speed
Formula: Distance traveled divided by the time taken.
If you drove 90 miles in 1.5 hours, what is your speed for the trip?

11. Solving for other variables:
How far would you drive if you drove for 2 hours at 60mph?

12. Practice Problems
1. Nascar driver, Jeff Gordon, has a car that is one of the fastest on the circuit. If it travels 600 miles in 4 hours, what is his cruising speed?

13. v = d/t V = 600 mi/4 hrs V = 150 mi/hr Problems
1. Nascar driver, Jeff Gordon, has a car that is one of the fastest on the circuit. If it travels 600 miles in 4 hours, what is his cruising speed?
v = d/t
V = 600 mi/4 hrs
V = 150 mi/hr

14. 2. The fastest car on Earth, a German-made Thrust SSC, would win every Nascar race in America. If it takes 0.5 hours (30 minutes) to travel 380 miles, what is its speed?

15. 2. The fastest car on Earth, a German-made Thrust SSC, would win every Nascar race in America. If it takes 0.5 hours (30 minutes) to travel 380 miles, what is its speed?
v = d/t
v = 380 mi/ 0.5 hr
v = 760 mi/h (mph)

16. 3. The fastest train on Earth, the TGV from France, can travel at faster speeds than trains in the United States. During a speed test, the train traveled 800 miles in 2.5 hours. What is its speed?

17. 3. The fastest train on Earth, the TGV from France, can travel at faster speeds than trains in the United States. During a speed test, the train traveled 800 miles in 2.5 hours. What is its speed?
v = d/t
v = 800 mi/ 2.5 hr
v = 320 mi/h (mph)

18. 4. Spirit of Australia, a hydroplane boat, made speed records by traveling 239 miles in 0.75
hours (45 minutes). What is its record-breaking speed?

19. 4. Spirit of Australia, a hydroplane boat, made speed records by traveling 239 miles in 0.75
hours (45 minutes). What is its record-breaking speed?
v = d/t
v = 239 mi/ 0.75 hr
v = mi/h (mph)

20. 5. The fastest plane ever made, the Lockhead SR71, was able to travel 2200 miles per hour.
Based on this speed, how far could it travel in: a. 2 hours? b. 3 hours? c. 5 hours?

21. 5. The fastest plane ever made, the Lockhead SR71, was able to travel 2200 miles per hour.
Based on this speed, how far could it travel in: a. 2 hours? b. 3 hours? c. 5 hours?
D = S x t
D = 2200 mi/hr x 2 hr
D = ?

22. 6. How much time does it take for a bird flying at a speed of 45 miles per hour to travel a distance of 1,800 miles?

23. 6. How much time does it take for a bird flying at a speed of 45 miles per hour to travel a distance of 1,800 miles?
t = d/v
t = 1800 mi /45 mi/hr
t = 40 hrs

24. 7. A cheetah runs at 60 mph for a distance of 0. 5 miles
7. A cheetah runs at 60 mph for a distance of 0.5 miles. How long does this take? Change answer to seconds.

25. 7. A cheetah runs at 60 mph for a distance of 0. 5 miles
7. A cheetah runs at 60 mph for a distance of 0.5 miles. How long does this take? Change answer to seconds.
t = d/v
t = 0.5 mi/ 60mph
t = hr
0.008 hr x 60 sec = secs
1hr

26. 8. A comet is cruising through the solar system at a speed of 50,000 kilometers per hour for 4 hours time. What is the total distance traveled by the comet during this time?

27. 8. A comet is cruising through the solar system at a speed of 50,000 kilometers per hour for 4 hours time. What is the total distance traveled by the comet during this time?
d = vt
d = 50,000 km/h X 4 hrs
d = 200,000 km

28. 9. A runner runs 6. 9 mph for 54 minutes
9. A runner runs 6.9 mph for 54 minutes. What distance did the runner travel?

29. 9. A runner runs 6. 9 mph for 54 minutes
9. A runner runs 6.9 mph for 54 minutes. What distance did the runner travel?
d = vt
d = 6.9 mph X 54 min
d = mph/min (Does this make sense)
Must change minutes to hours
54 min X 1 hour = 0.9 hr
60 min
d = 6.9 mph X 0.9 hr = 6.2 miles

30. Types of Speed
Constant speed = speed that is not changing. Usually speed is not constant!
Average speed – total distance traveled divided by the total time of travel, average of all speeds over time traveled. Example: Distance to San Antonio, Texas = 1000 miles. Time traveled = 15 hours. What is the average speed?
Instantaneous speed – speed at a given point in time

31. Graphs
Graphing Speed
Distance - time graph or also called a position - time graph shows the motion of an object over a period of time.
Time is plotted on the horizontal axis of the graph and distance traveled is plotted along the vertical axis
Slope of a distance vs time graph or a position vs time graph will tell us the speed of an object
Slope = rise (vertical) /run (horizontal)
Label the Axis
Distance(position) is dependent variable
Time is the independent variable

32. Position vs Time Graph = SPEED

33. Distance vs Time Graph = Speed
Shows distance traveled in relation to time traveled
Shows distance and direction of an object from its starting point. Needs to be expressed with a number and a direction.
Line sloping upward – steady speed
Change in upward slope = changing speed
Steeper = faster
Flat line – no motion Downward slope – returning to start

34. Speed and Velocity
We use the letter “V” to represent speed. The letter “V” stands for velocity
Velocity = includes the speed and direction of an object
Velocity can change even though the speed may not EX: Escalator in the mall
Speed – tells you how fast you are going
Velocity – gives a speed along with a direction

35. Acceleration Speed and velocity
Acceleration is rate of change in velocity. When the velocity of an object occurs, the object is accelerating.
Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction of an object. Therefore acceleration occurs when an object changes its speed, its direction, or BOTH. It is the amount your speed increases compared to how long it took to increase
Examples of acceleration: Speeding up, slowing down and change direction
Speed increases- positive acceleration (acceleration)
Speed decreases – negative acceleration (deceleration)
Example of changing direction: Fairs wheel, carousel, race car track. Turning a corner.
Is acceleration occurring in these situations?

36. Calculating Acceleration
Acceleration = Change in speed/change in time OR Acceleration = (final velocity – initial velocity) / time
a = Dv/t
Units for Acceleration
Acceleration = m/s2 , m/s/s, mi/hr/s, mi/hr2
Velocity = m/s, mi/hr
Time = s, hr

37. Dv = Vf - Vi a Dv t

39. A negative acceleration means that the object is slowing down.
EX: -20cm/sec2 means tha the speed is decreasing – this can also be referred to as deceleration
Zero Acceleration – traveling at a constant speed in one direction
Free Fall is 9.8m/s2 = accelerates at 9.8m/s for every second that it falls. This is the force of gravity pulling down on the object

40. Calculating Positive Acceleration
If a jet airliner reaches 80m/s at the end of the run way in 20s. How much did the airliner accelerate if it started from rest?
Calculating Negative Acceleration
If a skateboarder is skating at a speed of 3m/s and comes to a rest in 2 seconds. Calculate the acceleration.

41. Graph
Speed vs time Graph – shows how speed changed with time – acceleration is the slope of the speed –time graph.

42. Speed Time graph = Acceleration

43. Speed vs Time Graph = Acceleration

44. Acceleration
Acceleration occurs when an object accelerates (speeding up), decelerates (slowing down), or changes direction.
The rate at which velocity changes

45. Speed- Time Graph What is the acceleration between: 0-2s? 2-3s? 3-5s?