1. Systems, Support, and Movement
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Systems, Support, and Movement
the BIG idea
The human body is made up of systems that work together to perform necessary functions.
1.1
The human body is complex.
1.2
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
1.3
The muscular system makes movement possible.
CHAPTER OUTLINE

2. The human body is complex.
1.1
The human body is complex.
How many bones are in your hand?
tissue
Use a pencil to trace an outline of your hand on a piece of paper. Feel the bones in your fingers and the palm of your hand. At points where you can bend your fingers and hand, draw a circle. Each circle represents a joint where two bones meet. Draw lines to represent the bones in your hand.
How many bones did you find? How many joints?
There are 19 bones in a hand and 14 joints. A joint allows movement between two bones.
organ
organ system
homeostasis
SECTION
OUTLINE

3. The human body is complex.
1.1
The human body is complex.
You can think of the body as having five levels of organization:
cells, tissues,
organs,
organ systems, and the whole organism itself.
The different systems of the human body work together to maintain homeostasis.
tissue
organ
organ system
homeostasis
Organism (human)
Cells (cardiac muscle cells)
Tissue (cardiac muscle)
Organ (heart)
Organ system (circulatory system) 1 2 3 4 5
SECTION
OUTLINE

4. 1.1 tissue The human body is complex.
organ
A group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job.
4 Categories
Epithelial, which forms boundaries
Muscle, which enables movement
Nerve, which carries messages
Connective, which supports, protects, pads, insulates, and stores energy.
organ system
homeostasis
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

5. 1.1 organ The human body is complex.
tissue
organ
organ
A structure in a plant or an animal that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a particular function.
Ex.
Vein- consists of epithelial, muscle, nerve, and connective tissue.
organ system
homeostasis
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

6. 1.1 organ system The human body is complex.
tissue
organ system
organ
A group of organs that together perform a function that helps the body meet its needs for energy and materials.
Ex. Circulatory system- consists of cardiac muscle cells, heart, veins.
organ system
homeostasis
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

7. 1.1 homeostasis The human body is complex.
tissue
homeostasis
organ
A condition needed for health and functioning in which an organism or cell maintains a relatively stable internal environment.
Ex. Maintaining body temperature
organ system
homeostasis
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

8. The skeletal system provides support and protection.
1.2
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
Draw a sequence diagram showing the levels of organization of the human body, from simplest to most complex.
Cells > Tissues > Organs > Organ systems > Organism
skeletal system
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
SECTION
OUTLINE

9. The skeletal system provides support and protection.
1.2
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
Bones are living tissue. The skeleton is the body's framework and has two main divisions, the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
skeletal system
compact bone
Bones come together at joints.
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
Angular Movement (elbow)
SECTION
OUTLINE

10. 1.2
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
skeletal system
skeletal system
The framework of bones that supports the body, protects internal organs, and anchors all the body’s movement.
Composed of bone tissue.
Mainly calcium.
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

11. 1.2 compact bone The skeletal system provides support and protection.
The tough, hard outer layer of a bone.
Dense tissue that gives bone its strength.
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

12. 1.2 spongy bone The skeletal system provides support and protection.
Strong, lightweight tissue inside a bone.
Marrow occupies spaces in spongy bone and produces all the body’s red blood cells.
Blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to bone and carry away new blood cells.
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

13. 1.2
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
axial skeleton
skeletal system
The central part of the skeleton
Includes the (skull) cranium, the spinal column, and the ribs.
Runs top to bottom
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

14. Appendicular skeleton
1.2
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
Appendicular skeleton
skeletal system
The bones of the skeleton that function to allow movement.
Shoulders, arms, hips, and leg bones.
Runs side to side.
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

15. The skeleton changes as the body develops and ages.
1.2
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
The skeleton changes as the body develops and ages.
skeletal system
During infancy, the skull has spaces between the bones, which close up as a baby ages.
Arm and leg bones have growth plates at their ends to allow for growth.
Bones are constantly repairing themselves.
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

16. Joints connect parts of the skeletal system.
1.2
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
Joints connect parts of the skeletal system.
skeletal system
Immovable joints lock bones together at places called sutures.
The skull is made up of immovable joints.
Slightly movable joints can flex slightly.
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

17. Joints connect parts of the skeletal system.
1.2
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
Joints connect parts of the skeletal system.
skeletal system
Tissues called ligaments hold bones together at freely movable joints.
Freely movable joints are classified by the type of movement they produce.
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

18. The muscular system makes movement possible.
1.3
The muscular system makes movement possible.
Match the definitions to the correct terms.
A bony structure that allows rotation
The skeleton division containing the skull
The part of a bone that produces red blood cells
Terms
Compact bone
Axial skeleton
Immovable joint
Ball-and-socket joint
Marrow D B E
muscular system
skeletal muscle
voluntary muscle
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
SECTION
OUTLINE

19. The muscular system makes movement possible.
1.3
The muscular system makes movement possible.
Types of muscle
Function
muscular system
skeletal muscle
skeletal muscle, voluntary
moves bones, maintains posture, maintains body temperature
voluntary muscle
smooth muscle
smooth muscle, involuntary
moves internal organs, such as the intestines
involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
cardiac muscle, involuntary
pumps blood throughout the body
SECTION
OUTLINE

20. 1.3 muscular system The muscular system makes movement possible.
skeletal muscle
The muscles of the body
Work with the skeletal system to produce movement.
Generate heat to maintain body temperature.
Maintains upright posture.
voluntary muscle
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

21. 1.3 skeletal muscle The muscular system makes movement possible.
A muscle that attaches to the skeleton.
Voluntary
Slow-twitch muscles allow slow movement.
Fast-twitch muscles allow rapid movement.
skeletal muscle
voluntary muscle
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

22. 1.3 voluntary muscle The muscular system makes movement possible.
A muscle that can be moved at will.
Only skeletal muscles are voluntary.
skeletal muscle
voluntary muscle
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

23. 1.3 smooth muscle The muscular system makes movement possible.
Muscle that performs involuntary movement.
Found inside certain organs, such as the stomach.
skeletal muscle
voluntary muscle
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

24. 1.3 Involuntary muscle The muscular system makes movement possible.
A muscle that moves without conscious control.
Perform automatic movements.
skeletal muscle
voluntary muscle
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

25. 1.3 cardiac muscle The muscular system makes movement possible.
The muscle that makes up the heart.
Webs of cells that contract without conscious control to make the heart beat.
skeletal muscle
voluntary muscle
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

26. Skeletal muscles and tendons allow bones to move.
1.3
The muscular system makes movement possible.
Skeletal muscles and tendons allow bones to move.
muscular system
Tendons attach muscles to bones.
Muscles work in pairs to cause bones to move.
One muscle contracts, pulling a bone, while the other lengthens.
skeletal muscle
voluntary muscle
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

27. Skeletal muscles and tendons allow bones to move.
1.3
The muscular system makes movement possible.
Skeletal muscles and tendons allow bones to move.
muscular system
Muscles that cause movement always work in pairs or groups whose movements oppose each other.
Muscles develop with age. Exercise increases muscle size.
skeletal muscle
voluntary muscle
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

28. 1.1 The human body is complex. I. The human body is complex.
tissue
A. The body has cells, tissues, and organs.
organ
1. Cells
organ system
2. Tissues
homeostasis
3. Organs
4. Organ Systems
B. The body’s systems interact with one another.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

29. The skeletal system provides support and protection.
1.2
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
II. The skeletal system provides support and protection.
skeletal system
A. Bones are living tissue.
compact bone
1. Two Types of Bone Tissue
spongy bone
2. Marrow and Blood Cells
axial skeleton
B. The skeleton is the body’s framework.
appendicular skeleton
1. The Axial Skeleton
2. The Appendicular Skeleton
C. The skeleton changes as the body develops and ages.
D. Joints connect parts of the skeletal system.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

30. The muscular system makes movement possible.
1.3
The muscular system makes movement possible.
III. The muscular system makes movement possible.
muscular system
A. Muscles perform important functions.
skeletal muscle
1. Movement
2. Maintaining Body Temperature
voluntary muscle
3. Maintaining Posture
smooth muscle
B. Your body has different types of muscle.
involuntary muscle
1. Skeletal Muscle
cardiac muscle
2. Smooth Muscle
3. Cardiac Muscle
C. Skeletal muscles and tendons allow bones to move.
D. Muscles grow and heal.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY