1. The Search for Spices

2. Early trade (bottom right corner) The Black Death disrupted trade Without advanced technology, long- distance trade was lengthy and expensive

3. Scenarios: Scenario 1: Your neighbor has something that you want (or need!), how are you going to convince them to give it to you? Scenario 2: You are planning a trip to Seoul, South Korea… BUT you are deathly afraid of flying!! How are you going to get there?!

4. Why did Europeans want to explore the oceans? Desire for wealth Bypass the Mediterranean and the Muslim and Italian merchants who controlled trade there Find new trade routes The Renaissance spirit of adventure

5. Spices What resources were explorers looking for? SPICES!! After the Black Death, the population of Europe grew and so did their demand for trade goods. The most valued trade items were spices, like cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and pepper. They were used to: o To preserve food o To add flavor to dried and salted meat o To make medicines and perfumes

6. Improved technology Cartographers (mapmakers) created more accurate maps and sea charts Sailors used astrolabes (instruments to determine latitude at sea) They also developed the caravel, a ship with both square and triangular sails that made it easier to sail across or into the wind.

7. Early Explorers

8. Directions: On your list of explorers, please change James Cook to John Cabot Directions: o Each quad group will be assigned an explorer. o With your quad, read about your explorer in your textbook and fill out the sheet. o In about 5 minutes, we will share with the class (so be ready to read your answers aloud!)

9. Prince Henry the Navigator 1430s Gathered experts to revolutionize exploration. Sent ships to explore the west coast of Africa. Sent ships to find new lands and spread Christianity. Increased Portugal’s interest in exploration.

10. Bartholomeu Dias 1488 Rounded the tip of Africa. Discovered the overseas route to the Indian Ocean Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. Opened sea route to Asia.

11. Vasco de Gama 1497-1498 The first European to reach India through an overseas route. This route allowed goods to be transported more cheaply. Portuguese seized key ports in Indian Ocean for trading empire.

12. Christopher Columbus 1492 Reached the Caribbean, convinced he reached India. Never actually stepped foot on North America. New World opened for trade, colonies, and settlement. Groundwork for later explorers.

13. Amerigo Vespucci 1497-1504 Italian sailor, sailed to the New World. He called the lands a “New World”. A German mapmaker read his reports and named the land “America” after him.

14. Vasco Nunez de Balboa 1513 Discovered the “South Sea” (later, the Pacific Ocean) on the other side of Panama. Established the fact that North America was not part of Asia. First to set eyes on the “South Sea”.

15. Ferdinand Magellan 1519-1521 Went around South America, reached the Philippines. Path called “Strait of Magellan”. First to cross the Pacific Ocean. Spanish first to circumnavigate the globe.

16. John Cabot 1497 A more northern route than Columbus had found. Rich fishing grounds off of Newfoundland, which he claimed for England.