1. Boundless Lecture Slides Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform

2. Using Boundless Presentations The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com http://boundless.com/teaching-platform

3. Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com.boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com About Boundless

4. The Role of the Cell Cycle The Relationship Between Genes and Proteins Eukaryotic Genetics Microbial Genetics > Eukaryotic Genetics Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/microbiology?campaign_content=book_5777_section_89&campaign_term=Microbiology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_ medium=direct&utm_source=boundless

5. All multicellular organisms use cell division for growth and the maintenance and repair of cells and tissues. Single-celled organisms use cell division as their method of reproduction. Somatic cells divide regularly; all human cells (except for the cells that produce eggs and sperm) are somatic cells. Somatic cells contain two copies of each of their chromosomes (one copy from each parent). The cell cycle has two major phases: interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell grows and DNA is replicated; during the mitotic phase, the replicated DNA and cytoplasmic contents are separated and the cell divides. The Role of the Cell Cycle Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/alternative-to-microbiology-principles-and-explorations-8th-jacquelyn-g-black-0470646217- 9780470646212/microbial-genetics-7/eukaryotic-genetics-89/the-role-of-the-cell-cycle-476- 11618?campaign_content=book_5777_section_89&campaign_term=Microbiology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source =boundless Cell Division and Growth View on Boundless.com Microbial Genetics > Eukaryotic Genetics

6. Genes are composed of DNA arranged on chromosomes. Some genes encode structural or regulatory RNAs. Other genes encode proteins. Replication copies DNA; transcription uses DNA to make complementary RNAs; translation uses mRNAs to make proteins. In eukaryotic cells, replication and transcription take place within the nucleus while translation takes place in the cytoplasm. In prokaryotic cells, replication, transcription, and translation occur in the cytoplasm. The Relationship Between Genes and Proteins Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/alternative-to-microbiology-principles-and-explorations-8th-jacquelyn-g-black-0470646217- 9780470646212/microbial-genetics-7/eukaryotic-genetics-89/the-relationship-between-genes-and-proteins-477- 11664?campaign_content=book_5777_section_89&campaign_term=Microbiology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source =boundless Genes Encode Proteins View on Boundless.com Microbial Genetics > Eukaryotic Genetics

7. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Appendix

8. Key terms DNA a biopolymer of deoxyribonucleic acids (a type of nucleic acid) that has four different chemical groups, called bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine interphase the stage in the life cycle of a cell where the cell grows and DNA is replicated messenger RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a molecule of RNA that encodes a chemical "blueprint" for a protein product. mitotic phase replicated DNA and the cytoplasmic material are divided into two identical cells protein any of numerous large, complex naturally-produced molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, in which the amino acid groups are held together by peptide bonds somatic cell any normal body cell of an organism that is not involved in reproduction; a cell that is not on the germline Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Microbial Genetics

9. The Cell Cycle The cell cycle consists of interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell grows and the nuclear DNA is duplicated. Interphase is followed by the mitotic phase. During the mitotic phase, the duplicated chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter nuclei. The cytoplasm is usually divided as well, resulting in two daughter cells Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Connexions. "The Cell Cycle." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44460/latest/?collection=col11448/latest View on Boundless.comCC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44460/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com Microbial Genetics

10. Cell Division and Growth A sea urchin begins life as a single cell that (a) divides to form two cells, visible by scanning electron microscopy. After four rounds of cell division, (b) there are 16 cells, as seen in this SEM image. After many rounds of cell division, the individual develops into a complex, multicellular organism, as seen in this (c) mature sea urchin. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Connexions. "Print." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44457/latest/Figure_10_00_02abc.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44457/latest/Figure_10_00_02abc.jpgView on Boundless.com Microbial Genetics

11. Genes Encode Proteins Genes, which are carried on (a) chromosomes, are linearly-organized instructions for making the RNA and protein molecules that are necessary for all of processes of life. The (b) interleukin-2 protein and (c) alpha-2u-globulin protein are just two examples of the array of different molecular structures that are encoded by genes. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Connexions. "Print." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44518/latest/Figure_15_00_01.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44518/latest/Figure_15_00_01.jpgView on Boundless.com Microbial Genetics

12. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Microbial Genetics If cellular division in an organism were to cease, which of the following would occur? A) The organism would have to rely on asexual reproduction. B) The organism would have to rely on sexual reproduction. C) all of these answers D) The organism would be unable to replace dying or damaged cells.

13. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Microbial Genetics If cellular division in an organism were to cease, which of the following would occur? A) The organism would have to rely on asexual reproduction. B) The organism would have to rely on sexual reproduction. C) all of these answers D) The organism would be unable to replace dying or damaged cells.

14. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Microbial Genetics Which of the following statements about the products of a single cell that has gone through mitosis is true? A) They are genetically diverse. B) They result in four separate cells. C) They result is three separate cells. D) They are identical cells.

15. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Saylor OER. "BIO101B: Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/courses/bio101b/CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/courses/bio101b/ Microbial Genetics Which of the following statements about the products of a single cell that has gone through mitosis is true? A) They are genetically diverse. B) They result in four separate cells. C) They result is three separate cells. D) They are identical cells.

16. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Microbial Genetics In prokaryotes, replication, transcription, and translation take place in: A) the cytoplasm B) the nucleus C) the rough endoplasmic reticulum D) the chromosomes

17. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - Key Term. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Microbial Genetics In prokaryotes, replication, transcription, and translation take place in: A) the cytoplasm B) the nucleus C) the rough endoplasmic reticulum D) the chromosomes

18. Attribution Connexions. "The Cell Cycle." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44460/latest/?collection=col11448/latestCC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44460/latest/?collection=col11448/latest Connexions. "Cell Growth and Division." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m46034/latest/CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m46034/latest/ Connexions. "Introduction." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44457/latest/?collection=col11448/latestCC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44457/latest/?collection=col11448/latest Wikipedia. "mitotic phase." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mitotic%20phaseCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mitotic%20phase Wiktionary. "somatic cell." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/somatic+cellCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/somatic+cell Wiktionary. "interphase." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/interphaseCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/interphase Connexions. "How Genes Are Regulated." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m45480/latest/CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m45480/latest/ Connexions. "Introduction." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44518/latest/?collection=col11448/latestCC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44518/latest/?collection=col11448/latest Wikibooks. "Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Translation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Nucleic_Acid/TranslationCC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Nucleic_Acid/Translation Wikibooks. "Principles of Biochemistry/Cell Metabolism II: RNA transcription." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principles_of_Biochemistry/Cell_Metabolism_II:_RNA_transcriptionCC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principles_of_Biochemistry/Cell_Metabolism_II:_RNA_transcription Wikibooks. "Principles of Biochemistry/Cell Metabolism I: DNA replication." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principles_of_Biochemistry/Cell_Metabolism_I:_DNA_replicationCC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principles_of_Biochemistry/Cell_Metabolism_I:_DNA_replication Wiktionary. "translation." CC BY-SA http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/translationCC BY-SAhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/translation Wiktionary. "transcription." CC BY-SA http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transcriptionCC BY-SAhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transcription Wiktionary. "protein." CC BY-SA http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proteinCC BY-SAhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/protein Wiktionary. "gene." CC BY-SA http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gene#EnglishCC BY-SAhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gene#English Wikibooks. "Cell Biology/Genes/Gene translation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cell_Biology/Genes/Gene_translationCC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cell_Biology/Genes/Gene_translation Wiktionary. "protein." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proteinCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/protein Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Microbial Genetics

19. Wiktionary. "DNA." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/DNACC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/DNA Wikipedia. "messenger RNA." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/messenger%20RNACC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/messenger%20RNA Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Microbial Genetics