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Published byRoberta West Modified over 9 years ago
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Tundra JON MAYES
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What Is The Tundra? Northern Biome Dominated by: Mosses Lichens Dwarf Willows Low-Moderate Precipitation Very Short Growing Season Covers approximately 1/5 of land “Treeless”
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Climate Cold Average Temperature: less than 5 degree Celsius Precipitation exceeds evaporation Precipitation 15-25 cm per year Normally snow Summer – Brief 3-12 degrees Celsius on average Periods of almost 24 hour daylight Soggy
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World Distribution Map
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Permafrost Unique soil structure Layer of year-round frozen soil Soil above may thaw in summer Prevents deep burrowing Prevents deep root systems When water saturates upper surface: Bogs/ponds form Consists mostly of gravel and finer materials
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Animals Caribou/Reindeer Considered indicator species Lemming Arctic Hare Polar Bear Arctic Fox Snowy Owl Musk Ox
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Animals Musk OXSnowy Owl
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Animals Arctic FoxPolar Bear
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Animal Adaptations Breed and raise young in summer Hibernate/sleep during worst part of winter Many migratory species Others need to change what they eat depending on season Additional insulation from fat Thicker coats Shorter/smaller to reduce surface area
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Plants Lichens Willows Sedges Grasses Mosses Fireweed Variety of low-growing shrubs
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Plants Polytrichum MossFireweed
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Plants Growing season up to 60 days Adapt to environment by: Grow shorter Grouping together Use minimal amount of energy Photosynthesize at low temperature/light intensity No deep root systems Most plants reproduce by budding Hairy stem Darker pigments
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Threats to the Tundra Global Warming Permafrost is filled with dead plant material As it warms, carbon dioxide is released Accelerates global warming Gas/Oil Development Destroys the ecosystem More people been moving to tundra New towns/roads Interrupts many migration and feeding patterns
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Tundra
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