1. QURANIC GRAMMAR AS-SARF “Morphology of the words” Lesson 20
Lessons from the book
MABADE” ALA’RABIYAH –
basics of Arabic Grammar
RASHEED SHARTOONI
Compiled by: Sheikh Safdar Razi Ali 1

2. The pronouns (DHAMAAER)
There are two types of pronouns:
Detached (MONFASILAH) أياك نعبد= منفصلة (You only we worship)
Attached (MOTASILAH) نعبدك = متصلة (we worship you)
The attached are divided into two types:
Attached to the nouns (possessors) كتابك ,(your book) كتابي (my book)
Attached to the verbs,  نعبدك , كتبوا (they wrote)
Pronouns related to the verbs are further divided Grammatically into two types as well:
Subject nouns: كتبوا (they)هم
Object nouns: أياك نعبد, نعبدك

4. Detached Subject Pronoun
The person
Single
dual
plural
1st
أَنَا I X
نَحْنُ WE
2nd
Male
female
أَنْتَ (m)
أَنْتِ (f)
YOU
أَنْتُمَا
YOU BOTH
أَنْتُمْ (m)
أَنْتُنْ )f(
YOU ALL
3rd
male
هُوَ he
هِيَ she
هُمَا
They both
هُمْ(m)
هُنْ (f)
they all

5. Detached Object Pronoun
The person
Single
dual
plural
1st
أِيَايَ
أِيَانَا
2nd
Male
female
أِيَاكَ
أِيَاكِ
أِيَاكُمَا
أِيَاكُمْ
أِيَاكُنْ
3rd
male
أِيَاهُ
أِيَاهَا
أِيَاهُمَا
أِيَاهُمْ
أِيَاهُنْ

6. Past tense +subject Pronoun (FAAE’L)
The person
ضرب
Single
dual
plural
1st
ضَرَبْتُ
I hit
ضَرَبْنَا
Both of us hit
We hit
2nd
Male
female
ضَرَبْتَ
ضَرَبْتِ
You hit
ضَرَبتُمَا
Both of you hit
ضَرَبْتُم
ضَرَبْتُنّ
All of you hit
3rd
male
ضَرَبَ
He hit
She hit
ضَرَبَا
ضَرَبْتَا
They both hit
ضَرَبُوا
ضَرَبْنَ
All of them hit

7. Present tense +subject Pronoun (FAAE’L)
The person
ضرب
Single
dual
plural
1st
أِضْرَبُ
نَضْرِبُ
2nd
Male
female
تَضْرِب
تَضْرِبِيْن
يَضْرِبَان
تَضْرِبُون
تَضْرِبِن
3rd
male
يَضْرِب
تَضْرِبَان
يَضْرِبُون
يَضْرِبِن

8. Past tense+ object pronouns (MAFO’OOL BEHE)
The person
ضرب
Single
dual
plural
1st
ضَرَبْنِي
He hit me
ضَرَبْنَا
He hit both of us
ضَرَبِنَا
He hit all of us
2nd
Male
female
ضَرَبَكَ
ضَرَبَكِ
He hit you (m/F)
ضَرَبُكُمَا
He hit both of you
ضَرَبَكُمْ
ضَرَبَكُنَّ
He hit all of you (m/f)
3rd
male
ضَرَبَهُ
He hit Him
ضَرَبُهَا
He hit Her
ضَرَبِهُمَا
He hit Both of them
ضَرَبَهُم
ضَرَبَهُنّ
He hit All of them

9. Imperative (command) +subject Pronoun
The person
ضرب
Single
dual
plural
1st
2nd
Male
female
ضْرِب ا
ضْرِبِيْ ا
ضْرِبَا ا
ضْرِبُو ا
ضْرِبِن ا
3rd
male

10. Attached Pronouns + nouns (possessors)
The person
Single
dual
plural
1st
كِتَابِي
كِتَابَنَا
2nd
Male
female
كِتَابَكَ
كِتَابَكِ
كِتَابَكُمَا
كِتَابَكُمْ
كِتَابَكُنْ
3rd
male
كِتَابَهُ
كِتَابَهَا
كِتَابَهُمَا
كِتَابَهُمْ
كِتَابَهُنّ

11. EMPHASIS AND NON-EMPHASIS
A verb is emphasized when heavy nūn of emphasis is added to it, for example: ليَبتهحَنَّ or the light nūn of emphasis is added to it,
for example:.ليَفرَحَن
The nūn of emphasis is not added to the past tense at all.
It is added to the imperative (AMR) form without any conditions.

12. Emphasis of demanding present tense
It is added to the present tense only with the condition that indicates the future only.
or if it is mentioned after a talab (demand) baleen (soft) or be’anf (vigorous ) , nahi (prohibition), imperative (command), tamani (wish), taraji (hope), aradh (offer), tahdhidh (imposing),
for example: لا تيأسَنَّ من رحمةِالله .
Or, if it is mentioned after an oath,
For example: .و أبيکَ لأحفَظَنَّ عَهدَک

13. Conjugation of the all forms of verbs with nūn of emphasis
The present tense:
Regular: لا يَنصُرَنَّ ، لا أنصُرَنَّ ، لانَنصُرَنَّ لا تَنصُرَن
Five verbs:
لا يَنصُرُنَّ ، لا تَنصُرُن ، لايَنصُرانِّ،لا تَنصُرانِّ، لا تَنصُرِنَّ Feminine noon لاتَنصُرنانِّ ، لا يَنصُرنانِّ
LAAM of Emphasis، لتَنصُرَنَّ
The imperative form: اُنصُرَنَّ ، ، اُنصُرُنَّ ، اُنصُرِنَّ ، اُنصُرانِّ ،اُنصُرنانِّ

14. Demonstrative nouns (this, these, that, those) أسماء الإشارة
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15. Relative nouns (the one who) الأسماء الموصولة

16. Verbs have implicit pronouns
A clear pronoun is a pronoun that is written and spoken, for example: أنتَ .
An implied pronoun is intended and not written or said, for example: اِفهَم In this example a ‘youأنت ’ is implied in the verb.
In the present tense:
A pronoun is implied with the singular third person pronoun, for example: ينطلق المسافرُ (when a sentence starts with a subject)
It is implied with the singular masculine second person pronoun, for example:تَسألُ .
It is implied with all first person pronouns,
for example: .أسألُ
In the past tense with the singular third person pronounانطَلَقَ
In the command AMR with the singular masculine second person pronoun, for example:أسأل

17. Change in the doubled letter word
Double-lettered verbs are changed because of idghām. This is obligatory if both of the like letters have vowel signs, for example: مَدَّ .
If the first letter has a vowel sign and the second letter does not it is obligatory to write them separately if the sakūn is used to connect the verb to the nominative pronoun with a vowel sign, for example: مَدَدتُ .
It is permissible to do idghām or to write the letters separately if it is a present tense verb in the SUKOON state or a verb in the imperative form
for example: لم يَمُدَّ or .لم يَمدُد

18. Notes on attached pronouns
When attaching to the pronoun, a triliteral hollow verb whose third root letter is a vowel letter, the second root letter will remain, for example: . قامت (QAAMAT)
But, if the third root letter does not have a vowel sign the second root letter will be erased, for example: .صُمتُ (SUMTO)
If a defective verb (ends with a vowel letter) is connected to the plural wāw or the second person yā’ its third root letter will be erased. In this case, if the second root letter has a fathah, for example: رَمَی , it will remain the same, for example: رَمَوا . If the second root letter has a dummah, for example: يَدعُو or a kasrah, for example: يَرمِي , it will be given a dummah with the wāw and a kasrah with the yā’, for example: يَدعُونَ
The third root letter is also erased if it is an alif connected to the feminine tā’,for example: .رَمَت

19. Connection with the subject pronouns
If a defective verb is connected to the dual alif or nā and the third root letter is an alif, it will be changed back to what it originally was, for example: رَمَينا .
But, if it is a verb with four or more letters, the third root letter will be changed into a yā’, for example: .اِهتَدَيتُ