1. BioVeL MS11 Workshop - Ecosystem functioning & valuation web services and workflows Recent model developments in Hungary: Biome-BGC MuSo Zoltán Barcza, Dóra Hidy

2. EDDY COVARIANCE TECHNIQUE Direct measurement of CO 2 exchange between the ecosystems and the atmosphere: role of micrometeorology

4. Bugac Mátra Hegyhátsál Zoltán NAGY Krisztina PINTÉR Zoltán TUBA [Szent István University]

5. Bugac sandy soil, drought, grazing (Hungarian gray cattle)

6. Mátra [Szurdokpüspöki] heavy clay soil

7. Hegyhátsál 2 measurements at different elevation silt soil

8. HUNGARY: 3 grassland sites + 1 cropland site Good opportunity for studying carbon balance of herbaceous vegetation Eddy covariance: flux separation: daily data is available for GPP and R eco for multiple years Need for spatial extension and wider applicability of the results 2004: together with Dóra Hidy modelling activity was initiated Biome-BGC v4.1.1 MPI was kindly provided by Galina Churkina Cooperation with Szent István University

9. Biome-BGC: typical biogeochemical model (pools+fluxes)

10. Problems: original parameterization is not usable – need for calibration C3 grassland phenology routine is unusable cropland NEE variability is underestimated special NEE course caused by drought is not reproduced soil hydrology scheme is outdated human intervention can not be simulated

11. Undisturbed ecosystem vs. cultivated arable land: correction is needed Model bias is closely related to crop yield (census data).

12. Need for spatial application at country-level Barcza, Z., Haszpra, L., Somogyi, Z., Hidy, D., Lovas, K., Churkina, G., Horváth, L., 2009. Estimation of the biospheric carbon dioxide balance of Hungary using the BIOME-BGC model. Időjárás – Quarterly Journal of the Hungarian Meteorological Service 113, 203-219. dominance of croplands

13. 2003 drought+heat: response of BIOME-BGC was consistent with other models but cause of this was not plausible (respiration increased in spite of drought – measurements do not support this results)

15. Hegyhátsál, 82m (mixed agriculture)

16. Modifications are needed!

17. Biome-BGC MuSo – multilayer soil module improved phenology – HSGSI method, combination of heatsum and GSI index (Jolly et al., 2005 GCB) multilayer soil module [soil temperature is also simulated layer by layer] effect of long lasting drought on plant mortality [leaf senescence] stomatal conductance control – now with relative soil moisture content root profile is simulated + management is implemented [not exclusively for herbaceous vegetation]

18. Management mowing [hay meadows] grazing typical agricultural practices [ploughing, sowing, harvest, use of organic or inorganic fertilizers] forest thinning is also implemented [not tested]

19. Biome-BGC MuSo

20. thicknesses of layers from the surface to the bottom: 0.1 m, 0.2 m, 0.4 m and 2.3 m +1 layer at the bottom, with constant soil moisture (field capacity) Soil hydrology

21. Management Hegyhátsál grassland: mowing 1-2 times per year mowing

22. Drought induced plant mortality at Bugac

24. Are we closer? [now model structure is even more complex, so we might even introduce further uncertainties!] Effect of drought [cropland]:

25. New developments correction of bug related to the calculation of daylight average temperature drought related leaf senescence – standing dead biomass [intact, turnover might be slow] annually varying ecophysiological parameters: e.g. implementation of annually varying whole plant mortality (dynamic mortality) - forests

26. Unresolved issues soil carbon content is too high after spin-up [recalcitrant SOM is overestimated] if soil carbon is reduced by e.g. increased mortality during spin-up then fluxes are underestimated this is caused by N limitation caused by reduced SOM LAI is overestimated multilayer soil module might need improvements

27. Keenan et al. 2011 Oecologia Big challenge – model-data fusion

28. Hegyhátsál, cropland, BBGC MPI

29. Hegyhátsál, cropland, BBGC MuSo, MPI EPC

30. Future? croplands: ANTHRO-BGC is already available MuSo logic was merged with ANTHRO-BGC (thanks to Shaoxiu) summer crops are not handled annually varying management options, SOM profile?

31. Thank you for your attention