1. Energy – Where does it come from?

2. Objectives
What is energy?
What forms does it come in & how do we use it?
Understand that ALL sources of energy have costs and benefits

3. Energy Resources Renewable Energy Nonrenewable Energy Hydroelectric
Wind
Solar
Biofuels
Hydrogen fuel cell
Geothermal
Nonrenewable Energy
Oil
Coal
Natural gas
Nuclear

4. What was the US’s principal energy source…

5. What is your guess?
Fossil fuel power Wind / solar power
Nuclear power Hydroelectric power
Out of the energy sources above, which is used the most worldwide? Least?
Guess what percentage each source contributes to the world’s energy supply.
Create a graph.

7. What is Energy? Energy “The ability to do work”. Remember:
The amount of energy in the universe is constant, but it flows in a one way path
What are the 2 major laws???
- 1st and 2nd Law of thermodynamics
What are the 6 major forms?
- light, chemical, nuclear, mechanical, electrical, heat

8. What is energy used for? Manufacturing Transportation Heating
Electricity

9. Can you make it work? What is causing the ball to light up?
Where is the power coming from?

10. Can you light the lightbulb?
Make a circuit = energy CIRCLE

11. What is electricity? The movement of electrons.
Created by moving wires (electrons) through a magnetic field.

12. Energy is needed to make electricity
Where does the supply of electrons come from?
Can you list the steps to create electricity?

14. Electricity Production
Coal/oil/natural gas fired power plants
Burn fossil fuel to make heat.
Heat boils water to make steam.
High pressured steam turns a turbine.
Moving turbine spins a magnet within wires (generator).
The magnet creates a flow of electrons = Electricity!
Moving electrons sent through wires to houses, schools, etc.

15. What else turns a turbine?

17. What is a watt?
1 watt = energy to lift 100 g (or 1 Newton) in 1.0 seconds.
It is a measure of energy over time
Hold an apple or a 100 g mass next to a vertical meter stick, and lift it to the top of the meter stick in 1.0 second time. “How much power did it take to do this? – One watt.”

18. Other Units of Energy 1 calorie 1 Btu (British thermal unit)
1 Q (quad) = 1 quadrillion Btu (very large!)
The U.S. uses ~ 1 quad of energy about every 3.7 days
1 kWh = one kilowatt of electricity over 1 hour

19. Can you make 2 observations regarding energy and electricity generation?
Electrical generation is the largest end use of energy resources
All energy sources can be used to make electricity

20. Net Energy Energy Quality Energy Efficiency
Short video to start discussion: smart grids – but there’s no focus on the quality of energy
Energy in = Energy Out
But the quality is always lower

21. It takes energy to get energy
Before it’s useful…
Oil must be 
Found
Pumped
Transported
Refined
burned

22. Net energy
Total useful energy available from the resource over its lifetime minus the amount of energy used and wasted
Example:
10 units of energy in oil in ground
Use 8 units to find, extract, process, transport
How much net energy available?
2 units

24. Energy Quality
Second Law: In any energy conversion, you will end up with lower quality (less usable) energy than you started with.
QUALITY = The measure of the energy’s ability to be used to produce mechanical or electrical energy
Low temperature heat has the LOWEST quality
You can’t cook with it, you can’t move anything with it, you can’t even heat with it
Power plants are designed to release it into space

25. Energy Efficiency
Amount of energy that gets converted to useful energy.

26. Light bulb or heat bulb?

27. How can changing a light bulb reduce greenhouse gases?
School house rock

28. What’s the difference?

30. Two sides to everything.
Take old bulbs to Lowe’s or Home Depot!

31. If there’s no mercury inside the incandescent light bulb how does it contribute more mercury to the environment?

32. Example of the Laws of Conservation of Matter and Thermodynamics
Matter Cycles, Energy Flows
Global Warming
Acid Rain
Smog
Burning Coal = CO2 + SO + H20 + Ash +
(CxHxSxOx) Light + Noise + Heat
Example of the Laws of Conservation of Matter and Thermodynamics

34. KWL Chart What you KNOW What you WANT to know What you LEARNED
Greenhouse gasses put a hole in the ozone is a MYTH
Polar ice caps are melting
Pollutants can come from multiple activities
How to save the polar bears?
How bad is the situation really?
What are the largest contributors to global warming?
Weather refers to the conditions at a certain time and place but climate is the long-term average pattern of weather in a place
In the next 100 years global temperature will increase 3-10 degrees Fahrenheit because of human activity, claims IPCC (Un Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
The United States have emitted more carbon dioxide than any other country
The earth’s temperature is rising every century due to greenhouse gasses

35. KWL Chart What you KNOW What you WANT to know What you LEARNED
Ice is melting and sea levels are rising
Not all greenhouse gasses are bad
The amount of heat always fluctuates but recently has been increasing
How can we stop this?
What’s the worst greenhouse gas?
How fast are the ice caps melting?
Can Santa survive?
Can we reverse the cycle?
Why is it consistently getting worse?
Our uses of coal and oil are creating warmer climates for all
Global warming will have greater impacts on natural resources and developing countries
The poles are heating faster than the equator.
Ozone depletion is not the cause of global warming despite the myth.

36. Greenhouse gasses and Global Warming
What you KNOW
What you WANT to know
What you LEARNED
An increase in greenhouse gasses cause global warming
There’s controversy over what’s causing global warming
Methane is added by cow farts
What is the ozone layer?
What are all the greenhouse gasses?
Does global warming have anything to do with destroying the atmosphere?
What produces the greenhouse gasses?
Earth’s average temperature has risen about 1 degree F in the past 100 years and is projected to rise another 3-10 degrees F in the next 100 years
Temperatures are rising creating more precipitation that lessens snow causing warm winters and lengthening growing seasons
Global warming is caused by carbon dioxide, from burning coal, oil and gas. Methane from cows and rotting garbage and last chlorofluorocarbons. As global warming increases, ocean levels are rising. Water expands as it heats up or warms up.
An agreement called the Kyoto Protocol has been enacted by many nations, but the US is not one of them
The release of Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere is a long term problem that affects every country in the world

37. Cartoon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqVyRa1iuMc Mini-FBL lesson
We need the greenhouse effect! What would the Earth be like if we didn’t have greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect? So what’s the problem?
Cartoon:
Mini-FBL lesson

38. What you should know about global warming…
You have 15 minutes to…
Read and summarize your information.
Draw a PSA flyer or political cartoon.
Boil the information down to 1-2 bullet points.
Prepare your 30 sec – 1 min presentation

40. Presentations 30 sec – 1 min ONLY!
1 person talk, 1 person add bullet, 1 person walk around with picture

41. Climate change vs. Global warming
Climate change - major changes in climate (temperature, rainfall, snow, or wind patterns) lasting for decades or longer.
Global warming - average increase in temperatures near the Earth’s surface and in the lowest layer of the atmosphere.
One form of climate change
1979 first link to greenhouse effect and temperature change

42. Global warming
In specific terms, an increase of 1 or more Celsius degrees in a period of 100 – 200 years would be considered global warming.

43. Contributors to Global Warming

45. Example of the Laws of Conservation of Matter and Thermodynamics
Matter Cycles, Energy Flows
Global Warming
Acid Rain
Smog
Burning Coal = CO2 + SO + H20 + Ash +
(CxHxSxOx) Light + Noise + Heat
Example of the Laws of Conservation of Matter and Thermodynamics

46. Byproducts of electrical generation
Burning coal
Air: Mercury, CO2, SO2, NO2, fly ash
Water: thermal pollution, acid rain
Ground: bottom ash

48. Simple Solutions… http://www.ted.com/initiatives/aws/soccket.html
For every degree you turn down your thermostat (and leave it there) you save between 1 and 3 percent of your heating bill (not to be confused with your gas bill if you have a gas dryer, range and/or clothes dryer).

49. Do you have any vampires in your house?

51. What if I left my computer on every night…
How much energy would it consume? Assume 14 hours
In “sleep” mode, the computer draws 4 watts/hour
How much would it cost the district per day? Per year?
1 kWh costs $0.15
What if all computers at the school were left on? Energy consumed? Cost to district?
Around 200 computers at UDHS

52. Did you beat Mrs. Loch?
You analyzed your (presumed) usage of electricity
That energy is secondary
Primary Energy Resources: The fossil fuels(oil, gas, and coal), nuclear energy, falling water, geothermal, and solar energy.
Secondary Energy Resources: Energy sources, such as electricity, fuels from coal, (synthetic natural gas and synthetic gasoline), and alcohol fuels, that are derived from primary resources
How does electricity lead to increased greenhouse gasses?

54. What processes involve the transfer of carbon?

55. Carbon Cycle Drawing
Make your own, UNIQUE, drawing of the carbon cycle (both land and ocean). Include the following:
Photosynthesis, decomposition, respiration, combustion, diffusion, (LABEL ALL)
Include yourself somewhere in the cycle
Point out where humans interfere/alter the carbon cycle

56. How Fossil Fuels Are Formed

57. How Fossil Fuels Are Formed

58. Sources of electricity

60. Matter cycles, energy flows
An example of a chemical change – atoms are rearranged/bonds are broken. 60

61. What is our best immediate energy option?
1. Cut out unnecessary energy waste by improving energy efficiency
2. Transition to a renewable or solar age
Sun, wind, flowing water, biomass, geothermal, hydrogen gas
3. Burn more coal & synthetic gas/liquids
4. Natural gas
5. Nuclear power
Number 1 definitely. Numbers 2-5 are contested by many.

62. No matter what our decision… Ask:
How much will be available in the next 15 years? the next 30 years? longterm?
What is the source’s net energy yield?
How much will it cost to develop, phase in, and use this energy resource?
How will extracting, transporting, and using the energy resource affect the environment?
Can this energy source help us sustain the earth?
No matter what our decision… Ask:

63.
Very slow explanation of current & voltage. Nice analogy to water (river, lake)
Cardboard generator constrxn (7:44)