1. Function Latin Case
1. a. Subject - who/what verb Nominative
b. Predicate Nom. -
1. noun/pronoun after linking verb
2. refers back to the subject.
2. Possession - a. ’s, b. s’, Genitive
c. of the noun
3. Indirect Object Dative
4. a. Direct Object - whom/what subject verb
b. Object of a Preposition Accusative
(to, toward, near, into, against)
5. Object of a Preposition Ablative
(in, on, with, out of, from)
6. Direct Address Vocative

2. Present Tense Present Time
am I am or I am walking
is He is or He is walking
are You are or You are walking
do, does He does walk.
simple present verb I walk We walk
You walk You walk
He walks They walk

3. Direct Object answers the question whom/what subject verb.
1. The men love the small forests.
Noun Verb Adj. Noun
Subject rd Pl Direct Object
Nom Present Accusative
Mas Active Neuter
Pl Indic Plural
2. They are calling the unhappy women.
Verb Adj Noun
3rd. Pl Direct Object
Present Accusative
Active Fem.
Indic Pl.

4. Accusative Case - Object of Preposition
Preposition = to, toward, near, into, against
1. I am walking to the woods (into the cottage)
Verb Prep Noun Prep Noun
1st Sing Object of Prep Object of Prep.
Present Accusative Accusative
Active Neuter Neuter
Indic Sing Sing.

5. Ablative Case - Object of Preposition
Preposition = in, on, with, out of, from.
I am walking with my friend ( in the forest)
Verb Prep. Adj. Noun Prep Noun
1st Sing Object of Prep Object of Prep.
Present Ablative Ablative
Active Mas Neuter
Indic Sing Sing.