1. Religions from 600 BCE- 600 CE Taijah Al-faruqi Aisha Owens WHAP 5th period

2. Christianity (monotheistic) ● The rise of christianity started toward the end of the Roman empire after Jesus was crucified ● The Old Testament Bible reflects the teachings of Jesus ● Christianity came from Jewish roots (Judaism)because Jesus was jewish ● A man named Saint Paul helped diffuse the teachings of christianity ● The church is where the teachings of christianity take place ● Christians believe in the 10 commandments: 1.You shall have no other gods before Me. 2.You shall not make idols. 3.You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain. 4.Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. 5.Honor your father and your mother. 6.You shall not murder. 7.You shall not commit adultery. 8.You shall not steal. 9.You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 10.You shall not covet.

3. Buddhism (monotheistic) ● Founded by Siddhartha who is also known as Buddha ● Followers believe that the mind is a separate entity from the body ● Buddhists believe that rebirth or reincarnation only occurs depending on one’s actions when they were alive ● They also firmly believe in karma, which is the idea that every action has a positive or negative reaction ● Buddhists follow the Five Precepts, which are the rules buddhists have to live by ● Followers must adhere to the Four Noble Truths, which explore human suffering ● In Buddhist culture followers are taught Buddha’s Eightfold Path, which focuses on discernment, wisdom, virtue, morality, concentration, and meditation

4. Hinduism (polytheistic) ● Hinduism has no specific origin or founder ● Hindus worship 4 major deities: Ganesha, Shiva, Vishnu, and Surya ● Hindus must follow nine basic beliefs: 1.One, Almighty Being is both immanent and transcendent, both Creator and Unmanifest Reality. 2.The divinity of the four Vedas, the world's most ancient scripture, and venerate the Agamas as equally revealed. These primordial hymns are the eternal religion. 3.The universe undergoes endless cycles of creation, preservation and dissolution. 4.Karma, the law of cause and effect by which each individual creates his own destiny by his thoughts, words and deeds. 5.The soul reincarnates, evolving through many births until all karmas have been resolved, and moksha, liberation from the cycle of rebirth, is attained. Not a single soul will be deprived of this destiny. 6.Divine beings exist in unseen worlds and that temple worship, rituals, sacraments and personal devotionals create a communion with these devas and Gods. 7. An enlightened master is essential to know the Transcendent Absolute, as are personal discipline, good conduct, purification, pilgrimage, self- inquiry, meditation and surrender in God. 8.All life is sacred, to be loved and revered, and therefore practice ahimsa, noninjury, in thought, word and deed. 9.No religion teaches the only way to salvation above all others, but that all genuine paths are facets of God's Light, deserving tolerance and understanding.

5. Judaism (monotheistic) ● Founded by Abraham. Abraham’s sons carried on his beliefs after he died ● The sacred texts of Judaism are the Talmud, Torah, and Tanakh ● Jews worship one deity: God ● Judaism was founded based on the idea that Jesus was not the Messiah (main difference between Christianity and Judaism) ● Followers are taught that they should focus on actions performed while they were alive instead of worrying about the afterlife ● Followers of Judaism are raised under the idea that all people have he ability to reason ● Jews must live by the 13 Articles of Faith, which are beliefs that have been widely accepted as the proper expression of the Jewish faith

6. Confucianism (a way of thinking) ● Confucianism started in Lu in ancient china ● The founder is Kung Fu Tzu (Confucius) ● Analects reflect the teachings of Confucianism ● They believed in five constant relationships that would give them a healthy social life: 1.Husband and wife 2.Parent and child 3.Elder sibling and younger sibling 4.Elder friend and younger friend 5.Ruler and subject ● Followers worshiped the deity the mandate of heaven ● Confucius established a hierarchy in families: fathers first, sons, wives, and then daughters. ● His teachings were to be peaceful, justice, rational, loyal, and have dignity.

7. Taoism (a way of thinking) ● The founder was Laozi ● The beliefs were seeking peace and harmony from nature ● Followers believed that in life you should understand your path ● The Yin Yang symbol shows the differences between females and males. ● Yang represents male as active and bright and Yin represents females as passive, shaded, and reflexive. Yin and Yang show the balance in the world like day and night

8. Legalism (a way of thinking) ● The founder was Hanfeizi ● Founded during the warring states (476 BCE- 221 BCE) ● Legalist believed that people are evil ● Legalists believed people should be punished so they won’t be evil ● They believed that powerful governments and laws could restore order ● Types of punishment were: twisting someone’s arm around a pole and beating them until they confess, being put into wood cages or collars, chains tied around their necks and a stone is attached, ears being cut off, and cutting people’s body while they are still alive.

9. Citations ● Permalink, L. D. (2008, August 16). Crime and Punishment in Ancient China. Retrieved from http://www.duhaime.org/LawMuseum/LawArticle-367/Crime- and-Punishment-in-Ancient-China.aspxttp://www.duhaime.org/LawMuseum/LawArticle-367/Crime- and-Punishment-in-Ancient-China.aspx ● United Religions Initiative. (2002). URI Kids :: World Religions. Retrieved from http://www.uri.org/kids/world_juda.htm http://www.uri.org/kids/world_juda.htm ● About Buddhism. (2007). About Buddhism. Retrieved from http://www.aboutbuddhism.org http://www.aboutbuddhism.org ● Patheos. (2008). Judaism Origins, Judaism History, Judaism Beliefs. Retrieved from http://www.patheos.com/Library/Judaism.htmlhttp://www.patheos.com/Library/Judaism.html ● Quizlet. (2014). Confucianism flashcards | Quizlet. Retrieved from http://quizlet.com/36237784/confucianism-flash-cards/ http://quizlet.com/36237784/confucianism-flash-cards/